1. Do now! On the back of the song: Four sentences:
What do you like about this song? Why? Why do people listen to music? Why do they identify with lyrics?

2. In groups of 3-4
Create a NEW song out of your and your group members’ songs. Use different colors to signify the different songs the lyrics are from
Should be about 15 lines
You can have a chorus if you want, but you can only count those lines once in your new song
Ten minutes

3. With your table…
What do you think of when you hear the word “poetry”?

4. Poetry
May 1, 2014

5. Poetic Form
--Refers to the way the lines of a poem are shaped and arranged
--Lines are grouped into units called stanzas, which might have any number of lines

6. Stanza
Stanza: Two or more lines of poetry that form a division of a poem and act like a paragraph
--Affects how a poem is read and the message being conveyed

7. Stanza
“My mother’s maids, when they did sew and spin, They sang sometimes a song of the field mouse, That for because their livelihood was but so thin.
Would needs go seek her townish sister’s house. Would needs She thought herself endured to much pain: The stormy blasts her cave so sore did souse…”

8. Enjambment
Continuation of a complete idea from line of a poem to the next:
A thing of beauty is a joy forever: Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness but still will keep A bower quiet for us, and asleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.

9. Rhythm and Rhyme
--Rhythm – pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in each line
--Rhyme – repetition of sounds at the end of words
Accent: Emphasis given to a stressed syllable

10. Introduction to Poetry
“In a poem the words should be as pleasing to the ear as the meaning is to the mind.” -- Marianne Moore

11. The Human Brain Divided into 2 parts Each half has its own function
Right Brain:
Creativity
Emotions
Left Brain:
Logic
Reality

12. To clarify . . . When you are looking at big puffy clouds . . .
Your right brain tells you, “Hey! That one looks like a bunny.”
While your left brain tells you . . .

13. It’s a cloud, Stupid!

14. So, which half do you use when studying poetry?
Here are a few hints:
Poetry requires creativity
Poetry requires emotion
Poetry requires an artistic quality
Poetry requires logic
Survey says . . .

15. both

16. We’ll start with the sound devices:
For the Left Brain:
Recognizing certain devices used within a poem will give the left brain something to concentrate on.
We’ll start with the sound devices:

17. RHYME The repetition of sounds Example: hat, cat, brat, fat, mat, sat
My Beard
by Shel Silverstein
My beard grows to my toes,
I never wears no clothes,
I wraps my hair
Around my bare,
And down the road I goes.
Here is another example:

18. Rhyme
Rhymes are words that end with the same sound. (Hat, cat and bat rhyme.)
Rhyming sounds don’t have to be spelled the same way. (Cloud and allowed rhyme.)
Rhyme is the most common sound device in poetry.

19. Rhyme The light of day, The bright of noon Let me hold your hand
As we walk through the sand
Laughter/Slaughter
As you know, some poems RHYME, and some—those written in free verse—do not. Rhyme at the end of a line is called end rhyme, while rhyme within a line of poetry is called internal rhyme. Eye (or sight) rhymes should be considered in addition to the rhymes you can hear.
When an author uses poetic license to rhyme words that do not quite sound the same, it is called near rhyme.
Rhyme is usually noted using letters of the alphabet.
The pattern of rhyme for an entire poem is called its rhyme scheme.
Heart/Card

20. Rhyming Patterns
Poets can choose from a variety of different rhyming patterns.
(See next four slides for examples.)
AABB – lines 1 & 2 rhyme and lines 3 & 4 rhyme
ABAB – lines 1 & 3 rhyme and lines 2 & 4 rhyme
ABBA – lines 1 & 4 rhyme and lines 2 & 3 rhyme
ABCB – lines 2 & 4 rhyme and lines 1 & 3 do not rhyme

21. AABB Rhyming Pattern First Snow Snow makes whiteness where it falls.
The bushes look like popcorn balls.
And places where I always play,
Look like somewhere else today.
By Marie Louise Allen

22. ABAB Rhyming Pattern Oodles of Noodles I love noodles. Give me oodles.
Make a mound up to the sun.
Noodles are my favorite foodles.
I eat noodles by the ton.
By Lucia and James L. Hymes, Jr.

23. ABBA Rhyming Pattern Let me fetch sticks, Let me fetch stones,
From “Bliss”
Let me fetch sticks,
Let me fetch stones,
Throw me your bones,
Teach me your tricks.
By Eleanor Farjeon

24. ABCB Rhyming Pattern The alligator chased his tail
Which hit him in the snout;
He nibbled, gobbled, swallowed it,
And turned right inside-out.
by Mary Macdonald

25. Repetition
Repetition occurs when poets repeat words, phrases, or lines in a poem.
Creates a pattern.
Increases rhythm.
Strengthens feelings, ideas and mood in a poem.
(See next slide for example.)

26. RHYTHM
The beat
When reading a poem out loud, you may notice a sort of “sing-song” quality to it, just like in nursery rhymes. This is accomplished by the use of rhythm. Rhythm is broken into seven types.
Iambic
Anapestic
Trochaic
Dactylic
Monosyllabic
Spondaic
Accentual
Less
Common
Most
Used

27. These identify patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.
That means one syllable is pronounced stronger, and one syllable is softer.
iambic:
unstressed
anapestic:
stressed
trochaic:
dactylic:

28. The length of a line of poetry, based on what type of rhythm is used.
METER
The length of a line of poetry, based on what type of rhythm is used.
The length of a line of poetry is measured in metrical units called “FEET”. Each foot consists of one unit of rhythm. So, if the line is iambic or trochaic, a foot of poetry has 2 syllables. If the line is anapestic or dactylic, a foot of poetry has 3 syllables.

29. (This is where it’s going to start sounding like geometry class, so you left-brainers are gonna love this!)
Each set of syllables is one foot, and each line is measured by how many feet are in it. The length of the line of poetry is then labeled according to how many feet are in it.
1: Monometer
5: Pentameter
2: Dimeter
6: Hexameter
3: Trimeter
7: Heptameter
4: Tetrameter
8: Octameter
*there is rarely more than 8 feet*

30. Count the syllables in each line to determine the meter.
She Walks in Beauty I.
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that’s best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.
Reading this poem out loud makes the rhythm evident. Which syllables are more pronounced? Which are naturally softer?
˘ ΄ ˘ ΄ ˘ ΄ ˘ ΄
II.
One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o’er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.
Count the syllables in each line to determine the meter.
III.
And on that cheek, and o’er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
Examination of this poem reveals that it would be considered iambic tetrameter.

31. ALLITERATION
The repetition of the initial letter or sound in two or more words in a line.
To the lay-person, these are called “tongue-twisters”.
Example: How much dew would a dewdrop drop if a dewdrop did drop dew?

32. Let’s see what this looks like in a poem we are familiar with.
Alliteration
Alliteration
She Walks in Beauty I.
She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that’s best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which Heaven to gaudy day denies.
Alliteration
These examples use the beginning sounds of words only twice in a line, but by definition, that’s all you need.

33. Assonance Repetition of vowels sounds within words.
“And so, all the night-tide, I lie
Down by the side”

34. Consonance Repetition of consonant sounds within words.
He struck a streak of bad luck

35. Examples: growl, hiss, pop, boom, crack, ptthhhbbb.
Onomatopoeia
Words that spell out sounds; words that sound like what they mean.
Examples: growl, hiss, pop, boom, crack, ptthhhbbb.

36. Let’s see what this looks like in a poem we are not so familiar with yet.
Noise Day
by Shel Silverstein
Let’s have one day for girls and boyses
When you can make the grandest noises.
Screech, scream, holler, and yell –
Buzz a buzzer, clang a bell,
Sneeze – hiccup – whistle – shout,
Laugh until your lungs wear out,
Toot a whistle, kick a can,
Bang a spoon against a pan,
Sing, yodel, bellow, hum,
Blow a horn, beat a drum,
Rattle a window, slam a door,
Scrape a rake across the floor
Onomatopoeia
Several other words not highlighted could also be considered as onomatopoeia. Can you find any?

37. Simile
A comparison between two usually unrelated things using the word “like” or “as”.
Examples:
Joe is as hungry as a bear.
In the morning, Rae is like an angry lion.

38. Let’s see what this looks like in a poem we have never seen before in our lives
Simile
Ars Poetica
By Archibald MacLeish
A poem should be palpable and mute as a globed fruit,
Silent as the sleeve-worn stone
Of casement ledges where the moss has grown—
A poem should be wordless
As the flight of birds.
Simile
Simile

39. Metaphor An implied comparison between two usually unrelated things.
Examples:
Lenny is a snake.
Ginny is a mouse when it comes to standing up for herself.
The difference between
a simile and a metaphor is
that a simile requires either
“like” or “as” to be included
in the comparison, and a
metaphor requires that
neither be used.

40. The following poem is one big metaphor.
When it comes to using a metaphor device in poetry, a poet can either make the entire poem a metaphor for something, or put little metaphors throughout the poem.
The following poem is one big metaphor.

41. Hyperbole An exaggeration for the sake of emphasis. Examples:
I may sweat to death.
The blood bank needs a river of blood.

42. Personification
Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects, ideas, or animals.
Example:
The sun stretched its lazy
fingers over the valley.

43. Symbol
A word or image that signifies something other than what is literally represented.
Examples:
Dark or black images in poems are often used to symbolize death.
Light or white images are often used to symbolize life.

44. Imagery
Using words to create a picture in the reader’s mind.

45. Free Verse Poetry that follows no rules. Just about anything goes.
This does not mean that it uses no devices, it just means that this
type of poetry does not follow traditional conventions such as
punctuation, capitalization, rhyme scheme, rhythm and meter, etc.
Fog
The fog comes
on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then, moves on.
No Rhyme
No Rhythm
No Meter
This is
free verse.

46. Allusion A reference to another piece of literature or to history.
Example: “She hath Dian’s wit” (from Romeo and Juliet).
This is an allusion to Roman mythology and the
goddess Diana.
The three most common types of allusion refer to
mythology, the Bible, and Shakespeare’s writings.

47. form The way the poem looks and is arranged on a page Lines or Stanzas
Uniform number or varied

48. Inverted word order
Sentences or phrases are out of normal speaking order
“Something there is that doesn’t love a wall…”

49. Sound
Words purposely arranged a certain way to take on qualities of rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, assonance, and repetition.

50. Prose
Normal sentences
Poetry is when we break these normal sentences

51. Poetry should be read aloud!
Poetry Outloud National Champion
An Evening of Poetry, Music and the Written Word at the White House, President and First Lady Obama
James Earl Jones reciting from Othello by Shakespeare
Billy Collins, “The Dead” with animation