1. P OETRY *Structure and form *Poetic Devices *Imagery and figurative language

2. S TRUCTURE AND FORM (TE 554) Form is the way words and lines are laid out on page A line is the main unit of a poem Stanzas are like a paragraph in prose Conventional or traditional forms follow fixed rules for lines or rhythm and rhyme Irregular or open forms may rhyme, shapes and patterns may be unusual Free verse is an open form, but does not have regular patterns of rhyme. May have a rhythm like everyday speech

3. S TRUCTURE AND FORM Graphical elements help convey the meaning Position and appearance of words Use of capital letters (TE 524 & 526) Line length (TE 520) Couplet – A stanza that consists of two rhyming lines Triplet – A stanza that consists of three rhyming lines Quatrain- A stanza that consists of four rhyming lines, which follow a pattern (AABB, ABAB, ABBA) Meter – A poem with a repeating pattern (TE 556)

4. P OETIC DEVICES Rhyme is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words (TE 556) Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line (TE 556) Repetition repeating of a word, phrase or line more than once (TE 556) Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words (TE 608) Onomatopoeia is the use of words whose sounds suggest their meaning (TE 557)

5. I MAGERY AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Imagery is words and phrases that appeal to the readers’ senses (TE 562) Symbolism is a person, a place, an object, or an action that stands for something beyond itself (TE 598) Personification the giving of human qualities to an animal, object or idea (TE 568) Simile a comparison between 2 unlike things using like or as (TE 558) Metaphor is a comparison between 2 unlike things that does not contain the word like or as (TE 558)

6. R HYME SCHEME o Many poems include rhyme. o The pattern of rhymes at the end of lines is the poems rhyme scheme. o To describe the rhyme scheme, assign each line a letter, starting from the first line; assign the same letter to lines that rhyme. Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll (TE 606) “Beware the Jabberwock my son! a The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! b Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun a The frumious Bandersnatch!” b

7. D IFFERENT KINDS OF POETRY Haiku Japanese poem 17 syllables (5-7-5) in 3 lines Spider web shining Tangled on the grass with dew Waiting quietly TE 596

8. D IFFERENT KINDS OF POETRY Limerick A short, humorous poem composed of 5 lines (aabba rhyme scheme). It typically has a sing- song rhythm. (TE610) Narrative Poem A poem that tells a story and has characters, a setting and a plot. (TE 584)