1. Ms. Robbins Ninth Grade Literature Fall 2012

2.  We need to learn poetry!

3.  Drama first began as public readings of poems  Even Shakespeare’s drama has a poetic base

4.  Poetry is composed of two things  Rhyme ◦ Words that have the same vowel sound and end sound  Meter ◦ The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

5.  Two words must share both vowel and end sound ◦ Cut and butt  Have the ‘uh’ vowel sound and the ‘t’ end sound ◦ If they only have the same vowel sound  Cut and bun  Have the same ‘uh’ vowel sound but different end sounds ◦ If they only have the same end sound  Cut and bet  Have the same ‘t’ end sound but different vowel sounds

6.  End rhyme: rhyming words occur at the end of two lines ◦ While I nodded, nearly napping Suddenly, there came a tapping  Internal rhyme: rhyming words occur within the same line ◦ Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary  Near rhyme: (also called slant rhyme) where two words almost rhyme ◦ Hope is a thing with feathers that perches in the soul And sings the tune without the words and never stops at all

7.  Rhyme Scheme: a regular pattern of rhyme within a poem ◦ Assigns each word at the end of a line a letter: A, B, C, etc ◦ Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep And doesn’t know where to find them Leave them alone And they’ll come home Wagging their tails behind them ◦ A, B, C, C, B

8.  Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables  Easy way to remember this: da versus DUM  Stressed (DUM)  Unstressed (DUM-da)  There are different types of meters and different grouping of meter ◦ We’ll get into that later

9.  Groupings of lines  Sound devices  Literary devices

10.  Couplet  Triad  Quatrain  Quintet  Sestet  Septet  Octet  What do these words have in common?

11.  Rhyme: same vowel sound and end sound  Onomatopoeia: words that mimic sound  Alliteration: repetition of the same beginning sound ◦ Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers  Assonance: repetition of the same vowel sound ◦ Purple curtain  Consonance: repetition of the same consonant sound ◦ Cold wind

12.  Simile  Metaphor  Allusion  Personification  Imagery  Irony