1. Poetry Terms English 10

2. LINE Definition: A poetic line of poetry, which may or may not be a complete sentence. – Run-on Line: When the poetic sentence does not stop at the end of the line. Creates enjambment. – End-stopped line: A line whose sense is naturally completed at the end of a line. It normally ends with a punctuation mark.

3. STANZA Definition: A grouping of two or more lines in a pattern that is repeated throughout a poem. Couplet: stanza with 2 lines Quatrain: a stanza with 4 lines Sestet: a stanza with 6 lines Octave: a stanza with 8 lines Refrain: a line or group of lines repeated exactly or almost exactly throughout the poem.

4. POEM FORM Definition: The organizing principle or structure of a poem. Ballad: a poem that tells a story and is meant to be sung or recited. Lyric: a poem that aims only at expressing a speaker’s emotions or thoughts Free Verse: poetry that does not contain a regular pattern of rhyme or meter Haiku: Japanese form of poetry in which a few precise images are used to capture the feeling of a single moment. Haiku poetry has 17 syllables in 3 lines…5/7/5.

5. Poem Form (cont.) Blank Verse—unrhymed poetry written in iambic pentameter. Used by Shakespeare in his plays. Sonnet—a 14 line lyric poem usually written in iambic pentameter and a set rhyme scheme. Shakespearean sonnets have three quatrains followed by a couplet and a rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.

6. SOUND DEVICES Definition: Auditory effects used to communicate mood and feeling, to unify ideas, and to reinforce meaning. Alliteration—the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words Assonance—the repetition of vowel sounds Consonance—the repetition of consonant sounds in the middle of or at the end of words Onomatopoeia—the use of words whose sound suggests their meaning (oink, crunch) Repetition—repeating words or phrases to create impact in a poem

7. RHYME Definition: The similarity of sound between two words. Rhyme Scheme—the pattern of rhyme in a poem. To indicate the rhyme scheme of a poem, use a separate letter of the alphabet for each rhyme (aabba). End Rhyme—rhymes at the ends of the lines Slant Rhyme—near rhymes where the words are very similar, but do not exactly rhyme (civility/immortality) Internal Rhyme—rhymes in the middle of lines Rhyming Couplets—two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme “I do not like them in a box. I do not like them with a fox. I do not like them in a house. I do not like them with a mouse. I do not like them here or there. I do not like them anywhere. I do not like green eggs and ham. I do not like them, Sam-I-am.”

8. RHYTHM Definition: the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of syllables Stressed Syllables – marked with a ' Unstressed Syllables – marked with a ˘

9. METER Definition: the pattern of rhythm in a poem Foot—the basic building block of meter; each set or group of stressed and unstressed syllables  Iamb – a kind of foot consisting of one unstressed syllable and one stressed syllable Iambic Pentameter—a pattern of ten syllables per line in an unstressed/stressed metrical pattern Scanning—the process of figuring out the meter of a poem

10. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE Definition: Language that contains expressions that make comparisons or associations meant to be interpreted imaginatively. Essentially, figurative language is the language of poetry. “You are my sunshine, my only sunshine…” Simile—makes a comparison between two things using the word like or as Direct Metaphor—makes a comparison between two things that are basically unlike but that have something in common. Metaphors do not use like or as…instead, they often use is or are to make their comparison. Implied Metaphor—does not tell us directly that one thing is something else, but the comparison is assumed Extended Metaphor—a metaphor that is extended, or developed, over several lines of writing or even throughout the entire poem

11. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE (cont.) Imagery—descriptive words and phrases that recreate sensory experiences (taste, touch, see, hear, feel) Personification—a special kind of metaphor in which human qualities are attributed to an object, animal, or idea Symbol—using one object, person, or idea to represent another