1. Chapter 35 A Time of Ferment Imperialism and Politics 1901–1916

2. America’s Colonies Annexing the Philippines McKinley had annexed Fought a bloody insurrection William Howard Taft was first governor Great success Light handed 1916 Philippine Autonomy Act Puerto Rico Foraker Act (1900) People elected lower house Upper house appointed Appointed governor Exempt from tariff 1917 given citizenship Guam and Samoa run by U.S. Navy

3. American Empire Imperialism Expanding American influence Roosevelt sent Great White Fleet on tour Open Door to China Great Britain opposes partitioning China U.S. can benefit from Chinese trade John Hay proposes Open Door policy Boxer Rebellion Respects territorial integrity in China

4. American Empire (cont’d) Yanqui Imperialismo Put demands on Cuba before will leave Platt Amendment Guantanamo Bay naval base Right to intervene Established concept of American intervention in Latin America Greatly resented

5. American Empire Panama Canal French company has rights to build canal in Panama Company unsuccessful building canal Company lobbies Congress U.S. opts for Panama route instead of Nicaragua Hay-Herran Treaty with Colombia Colombian government resists canal treaty Roosevelt creates revolution in Panama Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty U.S. negotiates canal treaty with new nation of Panama

6. American Empire Monroe Doctrine invoked in Venezuelan crisis in 1902 Roosevelt sees U.S. as dominant in Western Hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine Claiming right to intervene to protect Interventions 1905 Dominican Republic 1905 Honduras 1905 Panama 1912 Nicaragua Occupations 1906-09 Cuba 1912-1925 Nicaragua 1915-1934 Haiti 1916-1924 Dominican Republic Creates image as bullies

7. Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft Election 1908 Roosevelt’s support wins nomination for Taft Taft dislikes politics Taft does support Roosevelt’s reforms Democrats run William Jennings Bryan Socialists losing appeal due to reforms Taft wins Taft signs Payne-Aldrich Act Act angers progressives with high tariffs Taft sees the measure as compromise

8. Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft (cont.’d) Taft’s blunders Taft sides with Joe Cannon in political dispute Cannon enemy of progressives Progressives break away from Taft Breakaway Republicans: “insurgents” Roosevelt returns Taft angers Chief Forester Gifford Pinchot Pinchot protests to Roosevelt Roosevelt returns to U.S. Roosevelt advocates New Nationalism

9. Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft Unhappy Presidency of William Howard Taft (cont.’d) Roosevelt seeks Republican nomination Taft controls Republican convention Taft wins nomination Roosevelt starts Progressive “Bull Moose” Party

10. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism Democratic hopeful of victory with Republican split Democratic candidate must have support of South Democratic candidates William Jennings Bryan Oscar Underwood Judson Harmon Woodrow Wilson wins nomination Originally from South, practices law Earns Ph.D., becomes president of Princeton Becomes governor of New Jersey “Good Government” progressive

11. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism (cont.’d) Campaign of 1912 Wilson: New Freedom Roosevelt: New Nationalism Taft: conservative choice Wilson wins due to Republican split Tariffs and taxes Wilson appeals to people for lower tariff Underwood-Simmons bill lowers tariffs New income tax makes up lost revenue

12. Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism Woodrow Wilson’s Progressivism (cont.’d) Federal Reserve Act of 1912 Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 Federal Trade Commission Wilson changes directions Wilson adopts more progressive reforms Federal Farm Loan Act, 1916 Keating-Owen Adamson Act

13. Discussion Questions Explain how American came to have an empire. Is American imperialism justified? Why or why not? Explain and describe the impact of the Monroe Doctrine on U.S. foreign policy and Roosevelt’s Corollary. What was unusual about the 1912 Election? Who won, who lost, and why? Compare and contrast Wilson’s New Freedom with TR’s New Nationalism. Which parts of New Nationalism did Wilson eventually adapt to his programs?