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Positive Test Strategy Positive test strategy according to Klayman and Ha (1987) means that people search for information that would elicit a positive.

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Presentation on theme: "Positive Test Strategy Positive test strategy according to Klayman and Ha (1987) means that people search for information that would elicit a positive."— Presentation transcript:

1 Positive Test Strategy Positive test strategy according to Klayman and Ha (1987) means that people search for information that would elicit a positive answer if the hypothesis were true. It may be seen as a special case of the confirmation bias. Klayman and Ha (1987) confirmation bias © POSbase 2004Contributor

2 Positive Test Strategy © POSbase 2004Contributor Here an example of a positive test strategy: You are asked to judge the assumption that you buy a new car when it is broken. With a positive test strategy, you search for information about what you do when the car is broken. Klayman and Ha claimed that this is a rational search strategy because it limits the search space; looking for what happens if your car is not broken may be effortful and not very informative.rational

3 Positive Test Strategy Positive test strategy does not necessarily result in biased judgments because one may falsify an assumption, for example if you find out that you do not buy a new car even when it is broken. © POSbase 2004 Positive test strategy may result in biased judgments if it results in one-sided information search or if information is not diagnostic (Trope and Bassok, 1982; 1983).

4 Positive Test Strategy If, for example, I test the hypothesis that I am an unhappy person, I may test it by saying that „I am an unhappy person if I find negative life events“; if I now look only for unhappy life events, I may conclude that I am unhappy because I do not search for and find positive life events. © POSbase 2004

5 Positive Test Strategy © POSbase 2004 Much research has been done on positive test strategy: Hypothesis testing in a conceptual task (Wason, 1960)Wason, 1960 The Wason selection task (Wason, 1966)Wason, 1966 Testing a rule (Mynatt et al. 1977) Finding the cause of defect (Baron et al., 1988) Biases in memories (Snyder & Cantor, 1979) One-sided information search (Snyder & Swann, 1978) Use of diagnostic information (Trope & Bassok, 1983) „Are you happy?“ Strategies in self-judgments (Kunda et al., 1993)Kunda et al., 1993 Weighing Pros and Cons (Shafir, 1993)Shafir, 1993 The justification of predictions (Wilson & LaFleur, 1995)Wilson & LaFleur, 1995

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