1. Chapter 3
Colonies Take Root

2. Section 1: I Can Statement
I can understand how the English set up their first colonies.

3. Section 1: Bullet Points
Bullet Point #1: The English colony at Jamestown is founded in 1607.
Bullet Point #2: English Pilgrims seeking religious freedom settled the Plymouth Colony.

4. England Seeks Colonies
England began to establish colonies in North America in the 1500s
Reasons for colonies:
New trade markets
Raw materials
First colony established in North Carolina; Roanoke Island

6. Founding Jamestown
1607 Virginia Company of London establishes a colony
Wanted to find gold and silver, or to trade with Indians for furs
King granted a charter
Charter: a document issued by a government that grants specific rights to a person or company

7. Virginia colony named Jamestown Rough first year, many died Problems:
Warm weather
Lazy colonists
Spent too much time looking for gold

10. John Smith: sent from London to lead Jamestown
Wrote new rules
#1 rule: “he who works not, eats not”
Hundreds of new colonists arrive
Women come to Jamestown
John Smith and men attack Indians to get food
John Smith goes back to England
Jamestown has a “starving time”, lack of food

12. Jamestown Prospers Virginia Company keeps sending new colonists
Virginia Company offers free land
New leaders sent to restore order in the colony
Found a new money maker: Tobacco

14. House of Burgesses
Representative government: the form of government in which voters elect people to make laws for them
House of Burgesses= lawmaking body, that could pass and set laws and shared power with Virginia’s governor

15. The Plymouth Colony
Separatists: English who wanted to separate from the Church of England, wanted religious freedom
Moved to the Netherlands and didn’t like it, wanted to go to Virginia
Pilgrim: person who takes a religious journey

16. Mayflower Compact Mayflower, Pilgrims ship Never reached Virginia
Landed in Massachusetts
Named colony Plymouth
Mayflower compact: first document in which colonists claimed a right to govern themselves

18. First Thanksgiving Rough winter for the pilgrims
Not enough food, people dying due to disease and hunger
Got help from the Native Americans
Squanto: Indian who brought the pilgrims seeds of corn, beans and pumpkins and showed them how to plant them

19. Section 2: I Can Statement
I can understand how the religious beliefs and dissent influenced the New England Colonies.

20. Section 2: Bullet Points
Bullet #1: Puritans seeking religious freedom settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.
Bullet #2: People unhappy with the Puritans’ religious intolerance founded Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

21. Geography of New England
Made up of hills and low mountains
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont and Maine
Farming is difficult
Winters: long and snowy
Summers: short and warm
Weather helps people live longer

23. Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
Puritans: group that wanted reform of the Church of England
King Charles I didn’t treat the Puritans nicely
Puritans formed Massachusetts Bay Colony
John Winthrop: leader of the Puritans who was a respected landowner and lawyer

25. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Boston: main city in the colony
Had an elected assembly, had to be a male and part of the Puritan church to vote
Didn’t believe in religious toleration (recognition that other people have the right to other opinions)

26. New Colonies
Rodger Williams: minister of a church in Salem who believed the Puritans should split from the Church of England
Rhode Island founded by Williams, colony had no official religion

27. Settling Connecticut Thomas Hooker: minister who settled Connecticut
John Wheelright: forced to Massachusetts, settled New Hampshire

28. Growth and Change
Town Meeting: an assembly of townspeople that decides local issues
Only men could be a part of town meetings
Gave people a place to speak their minds
Encouraged democratic ideas

29. King Philip’s War Indian population decreasing
Metacom: chief of the Wampanog, also know as King Philip, goal was to stop Puritan expansion
Uprising lasted a year, ended when Metacom was captured and killed
English colonies expanded after the war

31. Section 3: I Can Statement
I can understand how the diverse Middle Colonies developed and thrived.

32. Section 3: Bullet Points
Bullet #1: After the English takeover, New Netherlands was renamed New York.
Bullet #2: Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 by a Quaker, William Penn.

33. Geography of the Middle Colonies
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware
Climate was warm
Easier time farming, due to longer growing season

34. New York and New Jersey New York, began as Dutch colony
Known for fur trade
Taken over by the English
New Jersey
Split off from New York
Proprietary colony(colony created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family)
Royal colony(colony controlled directly by the English King)

35. Pennsylvania and Delaware
Quaker: religious group that believed that everyone had an inner light to God and that all people were equal in God’s eyes
William Penn: Quaker who settled Pennsylvania, provided religious freedom
Delaware: Swedish colony, then taken over by Dutch, then taken over by English, was part of Pennsylvania, then became its own colony

36. Growth and Change
Farming increase
Manufacturing started

37. The Backcountry
Backcountry: frontier region extending through several colonies from Pennsylvania to Georgia
Inhabited by Scot-Irish and Germans

38. Section 4: I Can Statement
I can understand the factors that influenced the development of the Southern colonies.

39. Section 4: Bullet Points
Bullet Point #1: Maryland was founded as a colony where Catholics could worship freely.
Bullet Point #2: Large plantations marked the Tidewater region, and small farms dominated the backcountry.

40. Geography of the Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
Weather is warm and humid
Full of swampy areas and rolling hills
Long growing season
Main crops: tobacco and rice, spurred early development of slavery

42. Virginia Grows Settlers keep coming despite high death rate
Population grows, Indian numbers decrease
More land taken over to farm on
Problems with Indians

43. Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon: leader of the frontier settlers
Poor colonists wanted governor to take action against Indians
Governor hesitates, doesn’t want war
Bacon and his men attack and kill Indians, and attack Jamestown

45. Religious Toleration in Maryland
Catholic colony formed, Maryland
Catholics and Protestants both lived here
Lord Baltimore: Cecil Calvert, took over Maryland when his dad died
Act of Toleration: gave all male Christians the right to vote and hold office

46. Colonies in the Carolinas
North Carolina- developed slowly, grew tobacco and produced lumber
South Carolina, developed quickly, grew sugar and rice

47. Georgia Georgia started for 2 reasons: Slavery banned
Keep Spanish from expanding their colony
Wanted a colony where there would be protection for English debtors(people who owe money)
Slavery banned

49. Change in the Southern Colonies
Two Distinct ways of life:
Tidewater Region:
Plantation: Large farm, grows cotton, sugar & rice
Divided white community
Backcountry:
Isolated farms
Poor and didn’t care about rank

50. Section 5: I Can Statement
I can understand how the Spanish established colonies on the borderlands.

51. Section 5: Bullet Points
Bullet Point #1: Spain had large colonies in the Caribbean, Mexico, and South America.
Bullet Point #2: Spanish missions sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
Bullet Point #3: Spain established presidios and pueblos throughout the borderlands.

52. Spanish Florida
St. Augustine: fort and first permanent European settlement in the US
Offered land to African Americans
Colony grew slowly
Had little control over the whole of Florida

54. Settling the Spanish Borderlands
Borderlands: lands along a frontier, main job was to protect Mexico
Began in Florida and included Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California

56. Missions Texas and Arizona: Missions formed
Wanted Indians to be Christians
California:
Junipero Serra: missionary who helped colonize California
Presidios: military posts
Pueblos: civilian towns, centers of farming and trade

57. Life in Spanish Missions
Indians farmed, built churches and learned a wide range of crafts
Worked 5-8 hours a day, 5-6 days a week
Indians had no control over their lives
Punished if they didn’t follow rules