1. Reagan, National Debt, Fall of the Berlin Wall, Iron Contra Affair, As well as: Persian Gulf War Economy and Election of Clinton NAFTA Contract with America George W. 911

2. Most Missed Questions on RQ… Malcolm X – why did he change? Not just because he saw people praying together – he converted to Islam and observed different groups praying together peacefully

3. Missed Q #2 Kent State University – what is important about it? NOT students throwing rocks!! The important part is that National Guard troops were there for the protest and that’s why students were shot – there’s a big difference!!

4. Missed Q #3 Cesar Chavez and United Farm Workers – Chavez called for a BOYCOTT OF CALIFORNIA GRAPES, NOT JUST CALIFORNIA…(compare to boycott by colonists if British goods – make connections)

5. Missed Q 4… DÉTENTE – Nixon used peaceful diplomacy instead of a show of force….

6. Missed Q #5…. Why did OPEC put an embargo on oil to U.S.? Why a fuel Crisis? WE SUPPORTED ISRAEL during their war with Egypt and Syria – Pay attention people!! Next Question?

7. Question 6… Again – why did Iranian students take hostages? Because the U.S. was supporting regimes or corrupt princes like the SHAH OF IRAN….when the Shah was deposed we let him come to U.S. – this made Iran mad – hence – they took hostages from our embassy (ARGO)

8. Reminder about President Carter Camp David Peace Accords between Egypt and Israel

9. Reminder about Nixon’s P… Congress Passed the “WAR POWERS ACT” after Johnson had committed so many troops to Vietnam WAR POWERS ACT created to limit the President’s war powers

10. Reminder About Women… This is the time period of the “Women’s Lib” movement Organization called “N.O.W”

11. Reagan – Start writing for RQ After the economic recession, high unemployment and lines at the gas pumps (MISSED Q: Carter – gas rationing) We see the election of REPUBLICAN Ronald Reagan

12. Reaganomics President Reagan introduced his economic plan for recovery His CRITICS called it “Reaganomics” or “Voodoo” economics He supported tax cuts, especially for businesses so this is called “trickle-down economics – if businesses do well, the good effects will “trickle down to consumers”

13. Reagan’s Goals  Decrease the size of the government  Strengthen the military

14. Good Effects Tax Cuts were popular with everyone Reagan got rid of government regulations in many areas – many people in business liked this as well Strengthened the U.S. military – this was also popular

15. Negative Effects National Debt – military spending combined with tax cuts created a large national debt

16. Reagan’s Foreign Policy Reagan was convinced that the USSR could not afford an arms race and that if we were spending more on military and weapons, that would force them to try and keep up which would break their economy and bring about the collapse of communism

17. Perestroika In 1985, Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union Gorbachev did not want an expensive arms race Gorbachev and Reagan got along very well Perestroika – G allowed free enterprise in the USSR

18. Glasnost Gorbachev sponsored glasnost or political openness between the two countries On November 9, 1989 The East German government allowed people to travel freely between East and West Germany 1990’s Cold War over, Berlin Wall came down

19. Iran – Contra Affair Secret sale of arms to Iran in exchange for U.S. hostages Money from that sale was funneled to the Contras (rebels) in Nicaragua so they could overthrow their government….

20. George H.W. Bush After Reagan’s 2 terms – Republican G.H.W. Bush was elected President Iraq under Saddam Hussein invaded their neighbor Kuwait and took control of the Kuwaiti oil fields Hussein refused to leave Kuwait

21. Persian Gulf War U.S. with United Nations help went to war to push Iraq out of Kuwait 42 days later Kuwait was liberated Again, the U.S. had to face the concern that we were too dependent on foreign oil

22. Election of 1992 Democrat Bill Clinton realized that Democrats were seen as “tax and spend” liberals Therefore, Clinton was very moderate Clinton won the election of 1992

23. H. Ross Perot – 3 rd Party Republican Bush vs. Democrat Clinton with 3 rd Party candidate Ross Perot who got many votes because people were unhappy with both parties Still, Clinton won the election

24. Clinton’s Presidency Under Clinton, the nation went from having a budget deficit to a budget surplus – a balanced budget! – this means the government was not in debt.

25. NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement This agreement promoted free trade between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico

26. The Critics and the supporters Critics of NAFTA said businesses would move to Mexico or other places and produce goods cheaper where there are no labor unions (outsourcing) Proponents or supporters said it would create jobs because Canada and Mexico would not have to pay tariffs so goods would be cheaper, so then they would buy more American made products

27. Contract with America In 1994 Republicans gained control of both the House and the Senate which made it hard for Democrat President Clinton to get things done Clinton did get welfare reform passed – he placed new restrictions on welfare and entitlement programs

28. Clinton wins reelection Clinton’s welfare reform and balanced budget was popular – he easily won reelection

29. Scandal taints Clinton’s Presidency Clinton was thought to have had affairs in the past When he was suspected of having relations with an intern, he swore under oath before a grand jury that he had never had a relationship with her Evidence was uncovered that he lied under oath

30. Clinton Impeached The House voted to impeach him – he was tried But the Senate acquitted him and so he was not removed from office

31. Election of 2000 Closest Election in U.S. History – PRESIDENT DID NOT WIN POPULAR ELECTION – WON THE ELECTORAL VOTE Republican George W. Bush, son of G.H.W. Bush won the election

32. History behind September 11 Since the founding of Israel, Arab and Persian Gulf countries that were mainly Muslim were unhappy that land that they viewed as rightfully Arab was in the hand of the Israelis U.S. traditionally supported Israel

33. Growth of Al-Qaeda Several radical Muslim groups became active during this time period Attacks against the USS Cole in Yemen U.S. embassy attacks in Kenya and Tanzania, Africa

34. September 911 Al Qaeda sponsored terrorists flew two planes into the two World Trade Center Towers in NY One plane flew into the Pentagon One plane went down in Pennsylvania

35. War on Terror The U.S. has since been involved in an ongoing “war on terror” which has involved fighting in both Iraq and Afghanistan Afghanistan has been targeted because many Al-Qaeda training bases are there