1. Chapter 2
Challenges of

2. Parenting and Families p47
Section 1
Parenting and Families p47

3. Objectives:
Explain how a knowledge of child development can help parents.
Identify and describe Galinsky’s six stages of parenthood.
Describe the challenges and rewards of parenthood.
Develop a self-assessment for judging a person’s readiness for parenthood.
Explain how good resource management skills relate to parenting.

4. Key Terms
Parenting
Emotional maturity

5. Opener – Read and Discuss
Parenting and Families p47
Does this sound like a job you would apply for?
Why/Why Not?

6. Parenting: A Learning Process p47
Parenting=caring for children and helping them grow and develop.
Involves understanding and meeting the needs of children.

7. Parenting: A Learning Process p47 cont.
Requires Good Judgment
Know when to help and when to let them try on their own. They need to learn how to bounce back when they fail.
Know when to encourage children to try new things, explore likes and dislikes. Avoid pushing.
Know when to change parenting skills to match the stage the development the child is in.

8. Who besides parents, would benefit from these skills?
Other relatives
Friends
Teenagers
Teachers
Sunday school teachers
Club leaders
People in general

9. Having Reasonable Expectations p48
Having reasonable expectations of children is necessary to understanding them. Do these sound familiar: Act your age Grow up How old are you You act like a child

10. Having Reasonable Expectations p48 cont.
If you understand the stages and what they are capable of in each stage, you will have more reasonable expectations.
However, every child is individual and develops at their own rate.

11. Discussion
Identify some of the possible frustrations of having a young child help with the dishes.
What are some words of encouragement you could give to a child doing dishes that would reinforce positive actions?

12. Developing Parenting Skills p49
Does being a good parent come naturally or is it learned?
Discussion

13. Ways to gain/learn parenting skills:
Classes or workshops in child development –schools, hospitals, community groups, health depts., private sectors
Ex: feeding, behaviors, health, financial stress, relationships
Read books, magazines, internet (be sure it’s reliable – snopes.com or some reputable organization.

14. Ways to gain/learn parenting skills: cont.
Work with children
Talk with family and friends (don’t try recreating the wheel and do it all on your own)
Observe parents with children

15. Reading Check p48 teacher’s text
Who needs to have good parenting skills?
Why is it important for adults to understand child development?
What are some ways to develop parenting skills?

16. Galinsky’s Stages of Parenthood p50
Time Period
Parent’s Task
Image-Making
Pregnancy
Begin to imagine themselves as parents
Nurturing
Birth to Age 2
Become emotionally attached to child.
May question relative worth of other priorities.
Authority
Age 2 to Ages 4-5
Determine rules
Clarify role as authority figure
Interpretive
Ages 4-5 to Age 13
Rethink their role as parents
Decide what knowledge, skills, and values child needs
Independent
Adolescence
Establish boundaries
Find disciplinary methods appropriate for teens.
Departure
Children Leave Home
Evaluate their parenting

17. Assignment: Choose one of Galinsky’s stages to research.
Prepare a one-page summary of your findings.
Share your report with the class.

18. The Changes That Parenthood Brings p50
Life radically changes – How? Brainstorm

19. Assignment
For 3 days, write out your daily schedules including one weekend day.
Include all your activities on the schedule.
Imagine you have just become a parent.
Re-examine your schedule.
How would your daily life change?
What activities would be added?
What activities would be dropped?

20. Challenges of Parenthood p51
When you become a parent, your life is no longer your own. Your first responsibility is your child?
Even though there are numerous changes, most parents adjust to them.

21. In addition to learning what to expect, plan for it.
Talk over issue ahead of time to prevent problems later.
Who will be the wage earner.
Budget expenses
Decide what to give up
Decide who will baby sit
Ask parents if they will help in certain area

22. In addition to learning what to expect, plan for it. Cont.
Decide ahead of time how you will share parenting duties.
Make time to be alone as a couple.
Relax, keep a sense of humor.
Don’t expect too much of yourself. (your house may not be a tidy, you may not have the best mowed lawn etc.)

23. New Responsibilities
Less time for yourself – take care of the child’s needs first
Child’s needs:
Physical care – health, food, clothing, shelter
Emotional care
Financial support
Love
Guidance

24. Changes in Lifestyle Takes a huge amount of time and energy
Feeding, bathing, diapering, playing, comforting, supervising
Less time for leisure and outings
Less time for rest
Less time for solitude

25. Emotional Adjustments p52
Not all the emotions are happy. It’s common to feel the following:
Fear
Frustration
Worry
Jealousy
Depression
How can parents deal with this?

26. Changes in Relationships p52
Conflicts with spouse – tires, exhausted, money problems
Friends – no time to hang out
Your parents – may feel closer to them, they help out, you understand their sacrifices
Your parents – may resent advice

27. Employment p53
One parent may give up a job or go part-time, to stay home with the child – reduced income
May choose to work at home
Promotions and job moves may be on hold
May not accept overtime
May change jobs if you travel have to travel

28. Rewards of Parenthood p53
Personal satisfaction and enjoyment –
Baby’s / child’s accomplishments, smiles, snuggles
Enriches a strong marriage

29. Making Decisions about Parenthood p54
Look at the following:
Emotional maturity
Desire for parenthood
Health considerations
Financial concerns
Resource management skills

30. Emotional Maturity
Responsible enough to consistently put someone else’s needs before their own needs.
Secure enough to devote their attentions to a child without expecting anything in return
Control their temper when an infant cries for hours on end or when they break a favorite possession
Able to handle being constantly on call
Sound judgment

31. Emotional Maturity cont.
Reasoning and emotional control are centered in the frontal lobes, the front part of the brain, which is one of the last parts of the brain to mature.
Frontal lobes do not fully develop until late teens or early 20s

32. Desire for Parenthood p55
Parenthood is not a cure for a poor marriage or poor self-esteem.

33. Health Considerations p55
Both should have checkups before conception
Riskier for women under 17 and over age 35
Teens less likely to have proper nutrition, gain adequate weight, and seek good prenatal care.
Women over 35 are at greater risk for diabetes, hbp, downs syndrome

34. Financial Concerns p55
It is expensive. (clothes, diapers, food, equipment, health care, child care, loss of income, space…)
Consider the cost of having a baby and not just for the first year.
Many parent have to change their way of life after they have a baby.
Will both parents continue to work?

35. Read together:
Looking At Real Life p55 and answer personal application questions.

36. Resource Management Skills
Use the resources you have wisely – money, time, skills, energy, family, friends,
Most resources are limited so you need a plan

37. Resource Management Skills cont.
5 steps to good resource management (read together p56 & 57) 1. Set Goals 2. Identify Resources 3. Make a plan 4. Put the plan into action 5. Reevaluate the plan from time to time

38. Assignment
Review Questions p57

39. Section 2 p58

40. Objectives: Distinguish between sexuality and sexual activity.
Summarize what people consider when making responsible decisions about sexual activity.
Describe the possible consequences of sexual activity.
Evaluate the challenges of teen pregnancy.

41. Terms Sexuality Hormones Sexually transmitted disease (STD) Abstinence
Paternity
Confidential adoption
Open adoption

42. Teen Sexuality p58
Sexuality refers to a person’s view of himself or herself as a male or female. It has physical, intellectual, emotional and social aspects. It involves: Physical maturity or the ability to be sexually active. How people feel about themselves A sense of responsibility for and understanding of other people and their feelings.

43. Teen Sexuality p58 cont.
People show their sexuality by their attitudes, the way they walk, talk, move, and dress.
Hormones=chemical in your body
They dictate changes as teens become sexually mature (puberty)
The changes can be emotional and physical.

44. Teen Sexuality p58 cont During puberty social development changes:
Attractions to new friends
Attractions to the opposite sex
Relationships with family change
Become more independent
Want to spend more time with friends
Question authority

45. Values and Sexuality p59 Passed on from family Trust Self-respect
Respect for others
Commitment
Loyalty
How to treat the opposite sex
How to balance old friendships with someone of the opposite sex

46. The Consequences of Sexual Activity p 60
Sexuality Transmitted Diseases
Abstinence = avoiding sexual activity altogether and is the only way to avoid STDs
Read together p61 –Chart on STDs
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Starts with HIV – human immunodeficiency virus which can lay dormant in your body for years before becoming active
AIDS doesn’t kill you, but allows other illnesses to kill you.

47. The Consequences of Sexual Activity p 60
Health Risks
Teens are not physically and emotionally ready.
Greater risk for developing complications.
Toxemia – deprives the baby and mother of O2 and can lead to premature birth.
Teens don’t always eat as they should so their body may not be able to provide the needed nutrients.
A critical period of development occurs before teens even realize they’re pregnant.
Babies are more likely to be born early and with low birth weights which can lead to learning difficulties.

48. The Consequences of Sexual Activity p 60
Pregnancy
Education
Financial Problems
Good medical care, delivery fees, food, clothing, housing, etc for the child which lasts 18 years.
Paternity=legally identifies who the father is.
Even if the father is not in the picture he still has a financial responsibility.

49. The Consequences of Sexual Activity p 60
Emotional and Social Stress
Adjusting to new relationships
The change in the old relationships – may not have as much in common
May have to give up past activities

50. Deciding to Abstain p62 Dangerous and Foolish Attitudes:
“It can’t happen to me.”
“It won’t happen on the first time.”
“It won’t happen if I only do it once.”
“People can’t get pregnant the first time.”
“If you love me you will do it.”
“Everyone’s doing it.”

51. Deciding to Abstain p62
Think about this decision before you are in the “heat of passion.”
Once this decision has been made, stick to it and remember why you made it in the first place.
Don’t let others push you into it. They may have their own agendas for pushing you.
They may say they think it’s cool but may really wish they hadn’t.
They may not want others to succeed where they failed.
They may want justification – “Everyone’s doing it.”

52. Before you have sex ask yourself ---
Am I ready to be a parent? Emotionally Physically Socially Financially

53. When Teen Pregnancy Occurs p63
Don’t ignore the symptoms.
Some people are in denial.

54. Weighing the Options p65 Single parenthood
Can be rewarding but draining and even harder for teens.
Teen parents suffer from burnout or depression.
Teens need support: emotional and financial.
Be realistic about how much help they will need and be able to receive.
Don’t romanticize the situation- if the boy isn’t interested in marriage before the birth, most likely won’t be afterward.

55. Weighing the Options p65 cont.
Marriage p65
After the new wears off, the strains of responsibility and the new social situation sets in.
Can be rewarding if there is a positive maturing – 2 parents to care for the child and a health home.
If the relationship is not positive and maturing – can be stressful for everyone.

56. Weighing the Options p65 cont.
Adoption p66
It is when you legally give up your rights to your child and let someone else raise them.
Think about it carefully as it is a permanent decision.
2 types:
Confidential = the birth parents don’t know the adoptive parents
Open Adoption = birth and adoptive parents know each other.

57. Career Opportunities p67
Read together
Assignment p66
Review Questions
Assignment p68
Reviewing the Chpt
Learning from Research p69
Choose one, write a report, present to class.

58. Chapter Test