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2. Mission Settlements First Mission Are Built 2

3. Spain Looks to Texas 1682 – mission at Corpus Christi de la Ysleta established (El Paso) Most Spanish activity in East Texas Fear of French settlements - ↑ in building missions, presidios (military settlements), and towns Learned of La Salle’s fort – sent Alonso de León to destroy fort 3

4. A Tejas Mission De León goes NW and meets group of Hasinai (called Tejas – meaning friend) Angelina served as a guide and interpreter –Only woman to have county, river, national forest, and town named after her Father Damián Massanet sought to have mission built in East Texas –June 1, 1690 – San Francisco de los Tejas 4

5. A Mission Abandoned San Francisco de los Tejas faced troubles –Drought, disease, and rejection of Catholic faith France no longer a threat; therefore, mission abandoned 1699 – Mission San Juan Bautista “Mother of Texas Missions” –Built near present-day Eagle Pass on Rio Grande –Provided series of river crossings –Grew into 3 missions, a presidio, and a town –Base for many expeditions into East Texas –Provided grain, cattle, and horses to E. Tex missionaries Father Francisco Hidalgo asks permission to return to E. Tex but is ignored 5

6. France Threatens Again 1699 – French colony established along mouth of Mississippi River French not interested in taking Indian territory or converting to Catholicism Made large profits by exchanging blankets, guns, and wine for furs, and skins Hoped to trade with Spanish merchants in Mexico, but Spanish law prohibited foreigners from trading in Spanish colonies Father Hidalgo asks French to establish mission among Tejas French see offer as an opening to trade Louis de St. Denis sent to negotiate with Spanish Captain Diego Ramón alarmed at unexpected arrival of French – St. Denis arrested but later allowed to escort Spanish to East Texas 6

7. Mission Settlements Spanish Settlements Chapter 5 Section 2 7

8. Missions Are Established in East Texas 1716 Spanish return to East Texas Spanish families come as well 1717 – 6 missions and a presidio (Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de los Tejas) 8

9. San Antonio is Founded Need for midway settlement between Rio Grande and East Texas Spanish of East Texas had to trade with French or starve Presidio San Antonio de Bexar built in 1718 Father Antonio de San Buenaventrua y Olivares founded San Antonio de Valero 9

10. Aguayo Defends the Missions 1719 – War breaks out between Spain and France French soldiers seize Spanish mission near Nacogdoches Mission priest exaggerates size of invasion and causes a panic of Spanish families Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo heads to East Texas with 500 soldiers-settlers, thousands of horses and mules, and large herds of sheep and cattle 10

11. Aguayo Founds Two Cities Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes established in Louisiana – made unofficial capital of Texas for almost 50 years La Bahía del Espíritu Santo created near La Salle’s old fort (Fort St. Louis) 11

12. An Uneasy Peace Aguayo established 9 missions, 2 villages, and 4 presidios 1727 – Spain’s expenses too high 3 missions moved to San Antonio Boundary between Spain and France Texas –Arroyo Hondo – river between Los Adaes and Natchitoches (Louisiana) 12

13. Plains People Resent Missions East Texas Native Americans not interested and left missionaries alone Plains culture resent invasion of hunting grounds –Apaches raided San Antonio –Comanches fought invaders and took Spanish horses San Xavier missions established and abandoned –Apache raids –Smallpox and measles –Drought –Tonkawas left 13

14. San Sabá Mission Fails 1757 – mission found in central Texas Apaches wanted mission as protection against Comanches Comanches attacks took 30 lives Failure due to lack of supplies and people as well as distance from help 14

15. Mission Settlements Building Communities Chapter 5 Section3 15

16. Life in the Missions Teach Native Americans the Spanish way of life Sometimes force was used Native Americans –Kept busy from dawn to dusk –Started each day with prayers –Children attended school –Women wove cloth, molded pottery, & cooked –Men farmed, learned carpentry, or blacksmithing Most Native Americans refused to stay at the missions 16

17. Soldiers Face Hardships Isolated and poorly equipped Difficult and dangerous duties Protect the mission and nearby settlements Maintain control over the Native Americans Scout countryside for intruders Military families brought to missions 17

18. Important Settlements in Spanish Texas San Antonio –Largest settlement –Only authorized settlement with a voice in the government –Elected an ayuntamiento (city council) and an alcalde (chief official) Los Adaes Nacogdoches 18

19. Living in Spanish Texas Mainly farmers – irrigated fields through an elaborate system of canals Ranchers Shopkeepers, barbers, tax collectors, servants, tailors, blacksmiths Population – Spaniards, Native Americans, Mestizos (mixture of Spanish and Native American) 19

20. A Tejano Heritage Takes Shape Tejano – person of Mexican heritage who considers Texas his/her home Population Religion Language Customs today 20