1. Spanish Colonization of the Americas

2. Gold, Glory & God

3. Technology
Caravels
Lateen Sails
Astrolabe improvements
Compass

4. Portuguese Colonize the east primarily Also the Canaries and Madeiras
Sugarcane – plantation economy
African Slave Trade
Later taken over by the Spanish

5. Three Commonalities Between All Nations
Mercantilism (see map)
Intra-colonial trading system
The Columbian Exchange
Disease killed 90%
African Slave Trade (see map)

6. Christopher Columbus – (1492 – 1504)
Thought world was smaller than most believed – He was wrong
Queen Isabella supported him
Took four voyages
Reason to believe he knew he reached the new world

7. Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494

8. Hernan Cortes & Francisco Pizarro
Conquers Aztecs – 1521
Established estates in New World
Dies a wealthy man
Conquers Incas
How was Cortes able to conquer so many with so few?

9. Economics of Spanish Colonies
Established plantations on W. Indian islands
Silver & gold mines of Central and South America
Both required manual labor

10. Pirates Spanish transported lots of wealth
Opened the door to privateers and eventually pirates
Channel between Florida and the Bahamas was the best place to go after Spanish merchant ships
Spanish founded St. Augustine – 1565
Oldest city in US

11. Labor System - Encomienda
Encomienda - The expedition commander would give trusteeship over parcels of land and that land’s inhabitants to his conquistadores.
Encomiendero collected taxes from natives and force them to work
Encomiendero would provide protection and Catholicism to the natives.
Used on mainland

12. African Slavery Used primarily on the islands of the Caribbean
Sugar, coffee, tobacco plantations
Native had died from disease

13. Colonial Government under Crown Control
Conquistador autonomy concerned the Spanish crown
Created two provinces:
In Mexico - New Spain,
In Peru - New Castile
Each governed by a viceroy. Voice of the king
All important decisions on colonial management came from Spain.

14. Caste System
Peninsulars
Creoles
Mestizo
Mulattoes

15. Bartolome de las Casas Catholic Priest
Came to the Americas shortly after Columbus
Critic of the American conquest & encomienda system
Fought to preserve rights of Native Americans

16. DeSoto & Coronado De Soto – unleashed violence through SE and Florida
Coronado – Unleashed violence through the Great Plains
The City of Cibola

17. Spanish in North America
Why did they not conquer periphery Indians (North America)?

18. New Mexico Colony Santa Fe (1608) was founded as a religious colony
In the sticks
Little respect for Natives
Pueblo Indians were willing to add Christian beliefs

19. Pope’s Rebellion - 1680 Pueblo Indians resent the Spanish
infringing on Pueblo culture
Disrespectful
Making natives second class citizens
Pueblos attack New Mexico settlements
Kill priests & settlers
Burned settlements
Set Spanish back in that area

20. Fall of the Spanish colonial Empire
Defeat of the Armada 1588
Centralized Control
Increase in wealth caused inflation
Exploitation colony
Conversion efforts drew focus away from economic gains.