1. Jennifer Collier BEF 644 Fall 2013 The University of Alabama

2.  First attempts to form alumnae associations  1889  Mutual benefit  Fidelity to “home hospital”

3.  1893, lead by Isabel Hampton, National League of Nursing Educators (NLNE)  Strategy address lack of standards  Superintendents from large training schools, high standard for admission  exclusion  1886-7, Nurses’ Associated Alumnae (NAA)  Focus- raising education standards  Not designed to be inclusive  Membership requirements eased in 1911  American Nurses Association  http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2011/02/graduates -of-the-western-maryland-hospital- nurses%E2%80%99-training-school-1911.html http://www.appalachianhistory.net/2011/02/graduates -of-the-western-maryland-hospital- nurses%E2%80%99-training-school-1911.html

4.  Gain control over entry to training  debate ProAnti Attract women to trainingInterested in money only Justified student workers“Worthy poor” and need for scholarships Attract from families of refinement “Pay-offs” for exploitation

5.  Alliances, freedom and registration  Hostility  Early state boards  Ineffective laws  Limited resources

6.  By 1900, more accepted as part of medical environment  Continued unwillingness to support as profession  Private duty nurse and middle class  Hospital nurse and lack of public understanding  Helper agents of physicians

7.  Nursing dividedhttp://mtpleasantpioneer.blogspot.com/2010_06_ 13_archive.html CAMP ONE: (Leadership) CAMP TWO: (Worker Nurse) Enter nursing for the “right reasons” Enter nursing for employment, wages Caring, nurturing, moralDeeply resented question of character Resent commercializationCan help others while helping self

8.  1889:  7 years before Nurses’ Associated Alumnae  pro-organization  1910-1920s  Character more important that organization  Did not oppose registration, but the increased education requirements for registration

9.  To claim professional status, associations needed to improve training  This lead to physician and hospital hostility  This chapter ends without reconciliation of the issue.