1. An Era of Revolution Unit 4

2. vocabulary  Amend – to change or add  Blockade – a blockage of a harbor by an enemy to prevent transportation of soldiers or supplies  Boycott – to stop buying something to make a point or statement  Converge – to come to a common place or point  Disarray – a state of confusion or chaos  Import – to bring goods into the country  Leery – to be wary of or nervous about; regarding someone or something with suspicion  Loyalist - one with the political position of remaining true to England as sovereign country  Amend – to change or add  Blockade – a blockage of a harbor by an enemy to prevent transportation of soldiers or supplies  Boycott – to stop buying something to make a point or statement  Converge – to come to a common place or point  Disarray – a state of confusion or chaos  Import – to bring goods into the country  Leery – to be wary of or nervous about; regarding someone or something with suspicion  Loyalist - one with the political position of remaining true to England as sovereign country

3. vocabulary  Pardon – to excuse from a crime  Patriot – the political position that the Thirteen Colonies should form their own nation separate from England  Sedition – actions or words intended to provoke rebellion against government authority  Survey – to examine and measure land  Tallow – fatty substance from sheep or cattle used to make candles and soap  Tory – A Loyalist; a person loyal to British rule  Unalienable – unable to be taken away; something you always have  Whig – a political party opposed to the Democratic Party and favoring loose interpretation of the Constitution  Pardon – to excuse from a crime  Patriot – the political position that the Thirteen Colonies should form their own nation separate from England  Sedition – actions or words intended to provoke rebellion against government authority  Survey – to examine and measure land  Tallow – fatty substance from sheep or cattle used to make candles and soap  Tory – A Loyalist; a person loyal to British rule  Unalienable – unable to be taken away; something you always have  Whig – a political party opposed to the Democratic Party and favoring loose interpretation of the Constitution

4. Acts of Parliament  Sugar Act – Taxes luxury items, like sugar, that colonists bought from Britain  Quartering Act – Required colonists to pay for British soldiers food and lodging  Stamp Act – Tax on paper items. Stamp was proof that tax was paid  Townshend Acts – Tax on imports, like tea.  Intolerable Acts – Response to Boston Tea Party, took away government rights in Mass, colonists had to allow British soldiers to live in their homes.  Sugar Act – Taxes luxury items, like sugar, that colonists bought from Britain  Quartering Act – Required colonists to pay for British soldiers food and lodging  Stamp Act – Tax on paper items. Stamp was proof that tax was paid  Townshend Acts – Tax on imports, like tea.  Intolerable Acts – Response to Boston Tea Party, took away government rights in Mass, colonists had to allow British soldiers to live in their homes.

5. Colonists Respond  Acts caused colonists (including NC residents) to boycott British goods and take action:  Boston Massacre - Five colonists were killed by British troops after a scuffle in front of a tax office.  Boston Tea Party – Colonists disguised as natives dumped tea into the harbor rather than pay the tea tax.  Edenton Tea Party - Ladies in NC signed a document in favor of the boycott of British tea  Acts caused colonists (including NC residents) to boycott British goods and take action:  Boston Massacre - Five colonists were killed by British troops after a scuffle in front of a tax office.  Boston Tea Party – Colonists disguised as natives dumped tea into the harbor rather than pay the tea tax.  Edenton Tea Party - Ladies in NC signed a document in favor of the boycott of British tea

6. NC Resolves  Mecklenburg Resolves  May 20, 1775 (top date on the NC state flag)  Committee of Safety passes a set of resolutions  Declare an end to British rule in the colonies  First official rejection of British rule in the colonies.  Halifax Resolves  April 12, 1776  Passed measures authorizing NC delegates to the 2 nd Continental Congress  To propose  And vote for full independence from Britain  NC was the first colony to take an official stand for independence.  Mecklenburg Resolves  May 20, 1775 (top date on the NC state flag)  Committee of Safety passes a set of resolutions  Declare an end to British rule in the colonies  First official rejection of British rule in the colonies.  Halifax Resolves  April 12, 1776  Passed measures authorizing NC delegates to the 2 nd Continental Congress  To propose  And vote for full independence from Britain  NC was the first colony to take an official stand for independence.

7. Declaration of Independence  Met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  July 4, 1776, signed the Declaration of Independence  Governments exist to protect citizens’ rights  If the government does not protect the rights then people can start a new government  British had ignored the colonists rights, the colonists could go to war with Britain.  British found out three weeks later that the colonists had declared independence  Met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  July 4, 1776, signed the Declaration of Independence  Governments exist to protect citizens’ rights  If the government does not protect the rights then people can start a new government  British had ignored the colonists rights, the colonists could go to war with Britain.  British found out three weeks later that the colonists had declared independence

8. Revolutionary War Battles in North Carolina

9. Battle of Moore’s Creek Bridge  Whigs (against the King) and Tories (for the King) met at Moore’s Creek Bridge, 20 miles north of Wilmington  Whigs removed planks from the bridge and greased support beams  Tories (Highland Scots) tried to slip and slide across the bridge, making them easy targets, more than 50 were shot.  Tories retreated, Whigs caught them and seized their arms and money  Celebrated victory in the southern colonies.  Whigs (against the King) and Tories (for the King) met at Moore’s Creek Bridge, 20 miles north of Wilmington  Whigs removed planks from the bridge and greased support beams  Tories (Highland Scots) tried to slip and slide across the bridge, making them easy targets, more than 50 were shot.  Tories retreated, Whigs caught them and seized their arms and money  Celebrated victory in the southern colonies.

10. Hornet’s Nest  Cornwallis marched into North Carolina from South Carolina  Heads towards Charlotte  Farmers burnt their farms before allowing the British to use them.  Residents hid in the woods and shot at soldiers.  One was hit in the shoulder, causing him to stagger around and knock over a hornets nest.  The hornets chased the troops out of town.  Since then Charlotte has been known as the “hornet’s nest” of the Revolution  Cornwallis marched into North Carolina from South Carolina  Heads towards Charlotte  Farmers burnt their farms before allowing the British to use them.  Residents hid in the woods and shot at soldiers.  One was hit in the shoulder, causing him to stagger around and knock over a hornets nest.  The hornets chased the troops out of town.  Since then Charlotte has been known as the “hornet’s nest” of the Revolution

11. Battle of Kings Mountain  British troops were in the mountains.  Settlers took up arms against the British They crossed over the Blue Ridge and trapped the Tories at the Battle of Kings Mountain.  Became known as the “Overmountain men” due to the route they took to fight.  This loss forced Cornwallis to retreat to South Carolina  British troops were in the mountains.  Settlers took up arms against the British They crossed over the Blue Ridge and trapped the Tories at the Battle of Kings Mountain.  Became known as the “Overmountain men” due to the route they took to fight.  This loss forced Cornwallis to retreat to South Carolina

12. Hannah’s Cowpens  When the patriot army split in two groups the British followed General Morgan  They thought he was the weaker link  Did not know that he had been joined by more men  Morgan stopped at Hannah’s Cowpens an open area in the western part of the state.  Morgan handed the British one of their worst defeats  When the patriot army split in two groups the British followed General Morgan  They thought he was the weaker link  Did not know that he had been joined by more men  Morgan stopped at Hannah’s Cowpens an open area in the western part of the state.  Morgan handed the British one of their worst defeats

13. Guilford Courthouse  General Greene, patriot, outnumbers British troops 2-1.  Chose a battle site similar to Cowpens: Guilford Courthouse  Fought for one and one-half hours  General Cornwallis, near defeat, ordered his troops to fire grapeshot (small metal balls about the size of grapes) into a crowd where both British and American troops were fighting. He fired on his OWN troops  The plan worked, with great human cost. General Greene pulled back and the Brits held the field.  Each General lost about one-fourth of their troops  General Greene had Greenville, Greensboro and Greene County named for him, along with Greenville, SC and Greenville, TN  General Greene, patriot, outnumbers British troops 2-1.  Chose a battle site similar to Cowpens: Guilford Courthouse  Fought for one and one-half hours  General Cornwallis, near defeat, ordered his troops to fire grapeshot (small metal balls about the size of grapes) into a crowd where both British and American troops were fighting. He fired on his OWN troops  The plan worked, with great human cost. General Greene pulled back and the Brits held the field.  Each General lost about one-fourth of their troops  General Greene had Greenville, Greensboro and Greene County named for him, along with Greenville, SC and Greenville, TN

14. After the War  Government is heavily in debt  NC’s economy is wrecked  As a result people cannot pay taxes so them government is broke too.  Good soil for farming helped, NC produced and exported goods  NC moved the capital of the state to Raleigh because it was near the center of the state  Voted to build the first university in the state, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 1789. Also the first public university in the nation.  Government is heavily in debt  NC’s economy is wrecked  As a result people cannot pay taxes so them government is broke too.  Good soil for farming helped, NC produced and exported goods  NC moved the capital of the state to Raleigh because it was near the center of the state  Voted to build the first university in the state, University of NC at Chapel Hill, 1789. Also the first public university in the nation.

15. Articles of Confederation  The country’s first constitution, which provided:  1 house national legislature – Congress  Each state had 1 vote  No President or court system  Government provided national defense and foreign policy (a nation’s international relations)  Government is ineffective, it lacked money and resources  The country’s first constitution, which provided:  1 house national legislature – Congress  Each state had 1 vote  No President or court system  Government provided national defense and foreign policy (a nation’s international relations)  Government is ineffective, it lacked money and resources

16. A new Constitution  States convinced national leaders the Articles had to be changed.  Delegates met in Philadelphia and decided on:  A more powerful national government  Congress with 2 houses (Great Compromise)  1 house was based on population (House of Representatives)  1 house would have 2 members from each state (Senate)  States convinced national leaders the Articles had to be changed.  Delegates met in Philadelphia and decided on:  A more powerful national government  Congress with 2 houses (Great Compromise)  1 house was based on population (House of Representatives)  1 house would have 2 members from each state (Senate)

17. What it lacked….  A stance on slavery  Delegates compromised opinion  Many believed it was against the Declaration of Independence BUT  Economy of southern states depended upon slave labor AND  Southern delegates advised they would not sign any document that banned slavery  Authors did not ban or support slavery; they left it up to the states to decide  A stance on slavery  Delegates compromised opinion  Many believed it was against the Declaration of Independence BUT  Economy of southern states depended upon slave labor AND  Southern delegates advised they would not sign any document that banned slavery  Authors did not ban or support slavery; they left it up to the states to decide

18. …..and contained  The Three-Fifths Compromise  In order to made northern and southern states happy, slaves were only counted as 3/5 of a person when determining population.  Kept southern states on more equal footing with northern states that had greater populations  Northern states were happy because the southern slave population did give not those states an unfair majority in the House of Representatives  The Three-Fifths Compromise  In order to made northern and southern states happy, slaves were only counted as 3/5 of a person when determining population.  Kept southern states on more equal footing with northern states that had greater populations  Northern states were happy because the southern slave population did give not those states an unfair majority in the House of Representatives