1. Final Exam Review

2. Prehistoric/Native Texas How did the Ancient Texans cross into the northern hemisphere? – Bering Strait What is the Columbian Exchange? – The exchange of animals, plants, culture, DISEASES, and ideas as a result of Columbus’ voyage. Explain the term cultural diffusion. – Borrowing and integrating ideas specific to one group of people into the culture of another. – Example: Americans eating Chinese food, Spaniards spreading the Catholic faith to Native Americans

3. Exploration Columbus discovered America in the year 1492. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztecs at Tenochtitlan in the year 1519. He was the first to conquer land for Spain. Reasons for European Exploration – Gold, Glory, God What happened when Cabeza de Vaca shipwrecked at Galveston? – He met the natives who got sick from the European diseases. He became a shaman & explored Texas.

4. Spanish Colonization/Missions The Spanish set up missions to convert the Natives to the Catholic faith. What was the purpose of presidios? – To protect the missions. When and where was San Antonio de Valero established? – 1718 in San Antonio

5. Anglo Colonization Define empresario. – A land agent. List 3 significant empresarios: – Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Green Dewitt, Erasmo Seguin, Martin de Leon Why was Texas so appealing to Americans? – Fertile farmland, abundant natural resources, plenty of land near oceans and rivers for easy access to water for irrigation and shipping of goods. Explain the Colonization Laws of 1825. – Citizens had to become Catholic. – Limited the amount of land they could purchase.

6. Revolution Why did William B. Travis write his famous letter from the Alamo? – He needed help (reinforcements & supplies) How did the Goliad Massacre impact the Texas Revolution? – It made the Texans band together to fight harder. Why is the Battle of San Jacinto significant? – It ended the Texas Revolution when we captured Santa Anna What was the end result of the Texas Revolution? – Texas gained freedom from Mexico

7. Republic of Texas Houston – Wanted to join the U.S. – Tried to keep peace with the Natives – Tried to cut spending to reduce debt Lamar – Thought Texas would be an independent nation reaching to the Pacific. (Opposed annexation) – Ordered the removal of Natives – Increased the debt

8. Annexation List 3 reasons why the U.S. was hesitant to annex Texas. – Texas was a slave state & they did not want to add another slave state. – Mexico did not recognize Texas independence. – They did not want to damage relations with Mexico. What were the terms of the Treaty of Annexation in 1845? – Debts owed by the Republic of Texas would be paid. – Texas could be divided into more states, if the people approved it.

9. Mexican War What is Manifest Destiny? – The belief that the U.S. would reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. How did the Mexican War contribute to fulfilling Manifest Destiny? – The U.S. gained the Mexican Cession (the southwestern part of the U.S.) Did the Mexican War cause the population in California to rapidly increase or decrease after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? – Increase

10. U.S. History Review Benjamin Franklin – D) This patriot worked to help America receive economic and political aid from France during the American Revolution. Thomas Jefferson – G) This President supported the Louisiana Purchase because it allowed the U.S. to gain control of the Mississippi River. Unalienable Rights – C) The rights of “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence.

11. U.S. History Review Consent of the People – E) The American colonists used the slogan, “No taxation without representation,” to express their belief in the need for this. Samuel Adams – F) This patriot believed that taxation without representation was tyranny. Abolitionist – A) A person who was against slavery and feared the admission of new slave states into the U.S.

12. U.S. History Review New Orleans – B) In 1803, Americans wanted to control this port city so that farmers could ship goods down the Mississippi River. Thomas Paine – H) This author wrote Common Sense which encouraged Americans to take a stand against the treatment from King George III. Mayflower Compact – Represents early governments in Colonial America (Agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims at Plymouth)

13. U.S. History Review The main goal of Manifest Destiny was to expand the U.S. to which ocean? – Pacific What did the Louisiana Purchase, Texas Annexation, and the Mexican-American War have in common? – They all increased the territory of the U.S. What area of land was acquired as a result of Mexican- American War? – Mexican Cession (southwestern part of U.S.) Why did Americans want control of New Orleans? – So farmers could ship goods up the Mississippi Why did Thomas Jefferson support the Louisiana Purchase? – It doubled the size of the U.S. and gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River.