1. APES September 7, 2010  Review Questions #2-15 Initial on Assignment sheet  Pick up Chapter 1 Learning Targets on Stool  Go over outline of Major Topics & Questions on past tests  Graph World Population Extrapolation  Notes Chapter 1  AP TEST DATE!! Monday May 2, 2011 8 AM!!

2. APES September 8, 2010  Homework: Questions 16,19,20 page 19  Log onto web page to see Rule of 70’s  Complete World Population Graph  Notes on Chapter 1  FRQ tomorrow with instructions on how to complete them…  Quiz on Friday

3. Rule of 70’s explained!  Natural log of 2 is 0.693 or about.70  Natural log of e rt is rt  If you start with quantity Q, & it grows at a rate “r” for “t” years then  Q=Q 0 e rt (if r = 2%, use r =.02 in the formula)  The doubling time will be when Q = 2Q 0  Solving for t:  2Q 0 =Q 0 e rt  2=e rt  1n(2)=rt (taking 1n each side) .70=rt  t=.70/r  since r is a % we change to decimal 2% - > 0.02 so t =.70/.02 or =70/2=35yrs

4. Chapter 1 Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability

5. What is Environmental Science?  The goals of environmental science are to learn: how nature works. how nature works. how the environment effects us. how the environment effects us. how we effect the environment. how we effect the environment. how we can live more sustainably without degrading our life-support system. how we can live more sustainably without degrading our life-support system.

6. Key Concepts  Growth and Sustainability  Resources and Resource Use  Pollution  Causes of Environmental Problems

7. September 9, 2010  Check off questions for homework 16, 19,20  FRQ – free response question  Go over scoring rubric  Notes on PowerPoint  Quiz on Chapter 1 Tomorrow

8. World Population Graph

9. Core Case Study: Living in an Exponential Age  Human population growth: J-shaped curve Figure 1-1

10. Population Growth  Exponential Growth  Doubling Time/ Rule of 70 Fig. 1-2 p. 4

11. LIVING MORE SUSTAINABLY … the study of how the earth works, how we interact with the earth and how to deal with environmental problems. Figure 1-2

12.  Sustainability, is the ability of earth’s various systems to survive and adapt to environmental conditions indefinitely.  The steps to sustainability must be supported by sound science. Figure 1-3 Sustainability: The Integrative Theme

13. Environmentally Sustainable Societies  … meets basic needs of its people in a just and equitable manner without degrading the natural capital that supplies these resources. Figure 1-4

14. POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  Economic growth provides people with more goods and services. Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) and purchasing power parity (PPP). Measured in gross domestic product (GDP) and purchasing power parity (PPP).  Economic development uses economic growth to improve living standards. The world’s countries economic status (developed vs. developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP-PPP. The world’s countries economic status (developed vs. developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP-PPP.

15. Global Outlook  Comparison of developed and developing countries. Figures 1-5 and 1-6

16. Economic Development  Developed Countries (US, Canada, Japan, Australia, NZ, Europe)  Developed Countries (US, Canada, Japan, Australia, NZ, Europe)  Developing Countries  Positive Aspects (Life expectancy doubled, food production outpaces population growth, SDW increase, more goods/less materials, pollution decline in developed countries)  Positive Aspects (Life expectancy doubled, food production outpaces population growth, SDW increase, more goods/less materials, pollution decline in developed countries)  Negative Aspects (Life expectancy and pollution control lag in developing countries, unsustainable natural resource use, population competing with wildlife habitats, self-inflict climate changes)  Negative Aspects (Life expectancy and pollution control lag in developing countries, unsustainable natural resource use, population competing with wildlife habitats, self-inflict climate changes)

17. Globalization ECONOMIC- Global economy has grown from $6.6 billion in 1950 to $47 trillion in 2002. (Trade) Information and Communication (Internet) Information and Communication (Internet) Environmental Effects (Transport of species/disease) Environmental Effects (Transport of species/disease)

18. Aspects of Economic Growth  * Provides goods and services for people  * Is encouraged by population  * Is encouraged by increased consumption

19. RESOURCES  Perpetual: On a human time scale are continuous.  Renewable: On a human time scale can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades).  Nonrenewable: On a human time scale are in fixed supply.

20. Resources  Perpetual  Renewable  Non-renewable Fig. 1-6 p. 9

21. Renewable Resources  Sustainable Yield  Environmental Degradation (exceeding sustainable yield)  Environmental Degradation (exceeding sustainable yield)  Tragedy of the Commons

22. Nonrenewable Resources  Exist as fixed quantity Becomes economically depleted. Becomes economically depleted.  Recycling and reusing extends supply Recycling processes waste material into new material. Recycling processes waste material into new material. Reuse is using a resource over again in the same form. Reuse is using a resource over again in the same form. Figure 1-8

23. Non-Renewable Resources  Energy Resources  Metallic Resources  Non-Metallic Resources  Reuse  Recycle Economic Depletion Fig. 1-7 p. 10

24. Our Ecological Footprint  Humanity’s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity. Figure 1-7

25. Pollution  What is pollution?  What are the two types of pollution?  What is pollution?  What are the two types of pollution? Sources  Point  Nonpoint

26. POLLUTION  Found at high enough levels in the environment to cause harm to organisms. Figure 1-9

27. Effects of Pollution  Pollutants can have three types of unwanted effects:  1) Can disrupt/degrade life support systems  2) Can damage health and property  3) Can create nuisances such as noise and unpleasant smells, tastes, and sights.

28. Dealing With Pollution  Prevention (Input Control)  Cleanup (Output Control)

29. Solutions: Prevention vs. Cleanup  Problems with relying on cleanup: Temporary bandage without improvements in control technology. Temporary bandage without improvements in control technology. Often removes a pollutant from one part of the environment to cause problems in another. Often removes a pollutant from one part of the environment to cause problems in another. Pollutants at harmful levels can cost too much to reduce them to acceptable levels. Pollutants at harmful levels can cost too much to reduce them to acceptable levels.

30. Major Environmental Problems Air Pollution Examples: urban air pollution, acid deposition, outdoor pollutants, indoor pollutants, noise

31. Major Environmental Problems Waste Production Examples: Solid waste, hazardous waste

32. Major Environmental Problems Water Pollution Examples: Sediment, nutrient overload, toxic chemicals, infectious agents, oxygen depletion, pesticides, oil spills, excess heat

33. Major Environmental Problems Biodiversity Depletion Examples: habitat destruction, habitat degradation, extinction

34. Major Environmental Problems Food Supply Problems Examples: Overgrazing, farmland loss and degradation, wetland loss and degradation, overfishing, coastal pollution, soil erosion, soil waterlogging, water shortages, poor nutrition

35. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONS  The major causes of environmental problems are: Population growth Population growth Wasteful resource use Wasteful resource use Poverty Poverty Poor environmental accounting Poor environmental accounting Ecological ignorance Ecological ignorance

36. Connections between Environmental Problems and Their Causes Figure 1-14

37. Is Our Present Course Sustainable? Does Sustainable Development clash with Economic Development? Who should we believe?

38. Environmental Worldviews  Planetary Management 1.We’re in charge, 2.There’s always more, 3.All economic growth is good, 4.Success depends on understanding, controlling, and managing the earth for our benefit.  Planetary Management 1.We’re in charge, 2.There’s always more, 3.All economic growth is good, 4.Success depends on understanding, controlling, and managing the earth for our benefit.  Environmental Wisdom 1.Nature’s in charge, 2.Some things are limited, 3.Technology and economic growth can be bad, 4.Success depends on learning how the earth adapts and integrating how nature acts in to how we act.  Environmental Wisdom 1.Nature’s in charge, 2.Some things are limited, 3.Technology and economic growth can be bad, 4.Success depends on learning how the earth adapts and integrating how nature acts in to how we act.

39. Poverty and Environmental Problems  1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe malnutrition. Figure 1-12 and 1-13

40. Natural capital degradation  The exponential increasing flow of material resources through the world’s economic systems depletes, degrades and pollutes the environment. Figure 1-11

41. Resource Consumption and Environmental Problems  Underconsumption  Overconsumption Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism. Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism.