1. Leadership: Understanding its Global Impact Chapter 8: Power and influence

2. Learning objectives Recognise various types of power that leaders draw upon Explain the relationship between power and influence Identify various tactics for becoming an empowering leader Explain how empowerment works Understand the less direct forms of influencing people 2

3. Chapter contents Spotlight: Jim Taggart Introduction Sources and types of power Power and transformational leadership Influence tactics Connecting power and influence tactics Leader in action: Dr James Cowley Gentle Influence Empowerment Summary Case study: Kevin Rudd and Malcolm Turnbull 3

4. Spotlight: Jim Taggart Provides an alternative view of power and influence Effective influence involves a combination of humility and a fierce resolve There are many alternative power sources available to modern leaders 4

5. Power and influence are at the heart of leadership Position – does it influence? Need to acquire different forms of power Leaders need to inspire and motivate and not rely on postition Introduction 5

6. Kanter 1983 ‘… the last dirty word. It is easier to talk about money—and much easier to talk about sex— than it is to talk about power.’ Galinsky et al. 2008 time to ‘look beyond the stereotype of power as corrupting’ 80% of managers terminated by organisations are terminated because of an inappropriate influencing style Power – A dirty word? 6

7. Power bases Sources and types of power 7

8. The use of personal power (both referent and expert) is related to the perception of transformational leadership Leaders who draw upon their personal power rather than their positional power are perceived as more able … Power and transformational leadership 8

9. Yukl, Lepsinger & Lucia 1992 –Influence Behavior Questionnaire Yukl & Tracey 1992 –11 influence tactics – proactive Effective leaders use a range of influence tactics and do not rely on a limited repertoire Influence 9

10. Connecting power and influence tactics 10

11. ‘The first thing a leader has to do is train himself to reject power as a leadership or management approach. Once you believe you have power, you will lose the plot. Lasting influence does not come through power …’. Leader in action: Dr James Cowley 11

12. Global financial crisis caused by widespread aggressive and inappropriate influencing? Time to move on? Pace, Miller & Stephan 2008 –8 techniques for applying gentle influence Gentle influence 12

13. Psychological empowerment –Spreitzer 1995, team members feel empowered when four related components are enabled Environmental empowerment –Lee & Koh 2001, empowerment arises because of the behaviour of the leader rather than the psychological state of team members Empowerment 13

14. Influence is what leadership is all about Effective leaders use a wide variety of influence tactics Leaders need power to increase their ability to influence others Trend away from direct and aggressive forms of influence Summary 14

15. The modern expectation is that leaders will influence others by persuasion or inspiration rather than by coercion or by giving orders. It is expected that they will produce cooperative effort towards common goals. In your opinion which of the leaders is best suited to meet this expectation? Why? Using the list of influencing tactics described in this chapter, observe in the media both leaders in action over a four-week period. Calculate the tactics they most often use. Determine through opinion polls if these tactics are working for them. Given the similarities and differences between the two leaders, use the theory on power and influence outlined in this chapter to explain the effectiveness of their styles. Case study: Kevin Rudd and Malcolm Turnbull 15