1. Potential aviation constraints on offshore wind Malcolm Spaven Spaven Consulting

2. Aviation constraints Radar Military low flying Instrument approach procedures

3. Radar Types of radar: - air traffic control (primary/secondary) - air defence - trials

4. Radar (cont’d) Numbers of coastal radar sites: - 9 en route ATC (mainly E Coast/Scotland) - 10 military airfield ATC - 22 civil airfield ATC - 9 air defence (mainly E Coast) - 4 main trials sites (mainly W Coast)

5. Radar (cont’d) Range - antenna at 50m AOD may see 100m turbines 70km away Safeguarding consultation radii - NATS 30km - other civil airports variable to 74km - air defence 74km - military airfields 67km

6. Radar (cont’d) Potential impacts on radar - shadow effect - clutter - multipath/reflection

7. Radar (cont’d) Mitigation of radar impacts - processing out turbine returns - turbine/radar alignment - overlapping radar coverage - air traffic service limitation - controller experience

8. Military low flying Potential impacts - physical hazard to aircraft flying down to 100ft - increased risk to aircraft flying at night/ in instrument conditions Mitigation - charting - lighting

9. Instrument approaches Two areas of impact - physical hazard to aircraft descending in cloud - potential interference with ILS

10. Safeguarding policy Civil airports/radars - new policy - devolution from CAA to airports/ATS providers Military airfields/radars - evolving policy - contrast between central policy and field operational practice

11. Safeguarding policy (cont’d) Air defence radar - post-Cold War contraction - effects of September 11th Military low flying - stated policy: little offshore impact - growing contrast between stated policy and site-specific decisions

12. The Way Forward Early consultation Consult field operational personnel Value of existing operational experience Contact details Spaven Consulting 1 Meadowbank Edinburgh EH8 8JE Tel: 0131 661 1133 E-mail: mail@spavenconsulting.co.uk