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Concettina Sfienti Concettina Sfienti, GSI Darmstadt Isotopic Effects in Spectator Fragmentation at Relativistic Energies Gross Features and Isotopic Effects.

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Presentation on theme: "Concettina Sfienti Concettina Sfienti, GSI Darmstadt Isotopic Effects in Spectator Fragmentation at Relativistic Energies Gross Features and Isotopic Effects."— Presentation transcript:

1 Concettina Sfienti Concettina Sfienti, GSI Darmstadt Isotopic Effects in Spectator Fragmentation at Relativistic Energies Gross Features and Isotopic Effects Limiting Temperature Isoscaling and the Symmetry Energy Conclusion & Outlook The ALADiN Recipe Physics Motivation NUFRA2007 International Conference on Nuclear Fragmentation From Basic Research to Applications September 24 - October 1, 2007, Kemer (Antalya)

2 Concettina Sfienti S.Bianchin, K.Kezzar, A.Le Fèvre, J.Lühning J.Lukasik, U.Lynen, W.F.J. Müller, H.Orth, A.N.Otte, H.Sann, C.Sfienti, C.Schwarz, A.Sokolov, W.Trautmann, J. Wiechula, M.Hellström, D.Henzlova, K.Sümmerer, H.Weick, P.Adrich, T.Aumann, H.Emling, Y.Leifels, R.Palit, H.Simon, H.Johansson, M.De Napoli, G.Imme', G.Raciti, E.Rapisarda, R.Bassini, C.Boiano,I.Iori, A.Pullia,W.G.Lynch, M.Mocko, M.B.Tsang, M.Wallace, C.O.Bacri, A.Boudard, J-E.Ducret, A. Lafriakh, E.Le Gentil, C.Volant, T. Barczyk, J.Brzychczyk, J.Cibor, Z.Majka, A.Mykulyak, P.Pawlowski, A.Wieloch, B. Zwieglinski, B.Czech and A.S.Botvina S.Bianchin, K.Kezzar, A.Le Fèvre, J.Lühning J.Lukasik, U.Lynen, W.F.J. Müller, H.Orth, A.N.Otte, H.Sann, C.Sfienti, C.Schwarz, A.Sokolov, W.Trautmann, J. Wiechula, M.Hellström, D.Henzlova, K.Sümmerer, H.Weick, P.Adrich, T.Aumann, H.Emling, Y.Leifels, R.Palit, H.Simon, H.Johansson, M.De Napoli, G.Imme', G.Raciti, E.Rapisarda, R.Bassini, C.Boiano,I.Iori, A.Pullia, W.G.Lynch, M.Mocko, M.B.Tsang, M.Wallace, C.O.Bacri, A.Boudard, J-E.Ducret, A. Lafriakh, E.Le Gentil, C.Volant, T. Barczyk, J.Brzychczyk, J.Cibor, Z.Majka, A.Mykulyak, P.Pawlowski, A.Wieloch, B. Zwieglinski, B.Czech and A.S.Botvina

3 Concettina Sfienti … study nuclear matter under extreme conditions of density (high and low), temperature, size, isospin… Spectators can be heated ! Advantages of the Recipe Typical Incident Energy  1 AGeV (almost) no flow Source well localized in rapidity Equilibrated System Easy 4 coverage for fragments Disadvantages of the Recipe Varying Size of the system by varying Excitation Energy. Disadvantages: Typical Incident Energy  30AMeV Flow  centralcollision  0 Overlap Participant & Spectators Physics Motivation

4 Concettina Sfienti The ALADiN Program UNIVERSALITY of Spectator Fragmentation Physics Motivation

5 Concettina Sfienti The ALADiN Caloric Curve J. Besprosvany and S. Levit Phys. Lett B 217 (1989) 1 Proton rich nuclei: vanishing limiting temperatures J.B. Natowitz et al., Phys.Rev. C 65 034618 (2002) Physics Motivation

6 Concettina Sfienti The ALADiN Spectrometer HodoCT ALADiN Magnet TP-MUSIC III TOF-Wall LAND Target ALL Fragments (Z 2) Isotope Resolution Protons...(but TOF) 124 Sn, 197 Au, 124 La, 107 Sn E inc = 600AMeV ( 1000 p/sec) Secondary Beams (Low Intensities!) The ALADiN Recipe

7 Concettina Sfienti The ALADiN Recipe The ALADiN Spectrometer

8 Concettina Sfienti Gross Features and Isotopic Effects 124 Sn 124 La 107 Sn First N/Z Effects on Mass Spectra Discriminant analysis J. Łukasik et al., arXiv:0707.0598

9 Concettina Sfienti  Charge Partition Gross Features and Isotopic Effects Searching for N/Z effects in...  N/Z of light-mass fragments  Isotopic Ratios  Neutron Emission

10 Concettina Sfienti Gross Features and Isotopic Effects N/Z Effects on Charge Partition At low excitation energy neutron emission of heavy residue suppressed for the neutron-poor systems

11 Concettina Sfienti Properties of Hot Fragments Gross Features and Isotopic Effects

12 Concettina Sfienti R. Ogul and A.S. Botvina, PRC (2002) B 0 = 18 MeV Gross Features and Isotopic Effects Isotopic Inversion of  Properties of Hot Fragments: the Surface term

13 Concettina Sfienti A.S. Botvina et al., nucl-th/0606060 centrality B = a V · A - a O · A 2/3 - a C · Z 2 /A 1/3 - a S · (A-2  Z) 2 / A + a P · δ / A 1/2 Gross Features and Isotopic Effects N/Z Dependence of the Surface Term

14 Concettina Sfienti ● ● ● SMM ensemble calculations for γ=14, preliminary  neutron initial (N/Z) projectile (by P.Pawlowski) Gross Features and Isotopic Effects N/Z Effects on Neutrons Multiplicities

15 Concettina Sfienti 238 U 56 Fe FRS data W.Trautmann, NN2006 124 Sn 107 Sn 238 U 124 Sn 56 Fe 107 Sn close to expectation for hot fragments Z=8 Odd-Even Effects  Structure effects Memory Effects  They may cancel in scaling plots Odd-Even Effects larger for the proton-rich systems  Strongly bound even-even nuclei attract a large fraction of the product yield in the secondary stage Gross Features and Isotopic Effects Light Fragments (inclusive)

16 Concettina Sfienti Odd-even effects Gross Features and Isotopic Effects Weak dependence on centrality N. Buyukcizmeci et al, EPJA (2005)

17 Concettina Sfienti Comparison with SMM Gross Features and Isotopic Effects

18 Concettina Sfienti Limiting Temperature N/Z on Isotopic Ratios extra  yield in neutron poor case

19 Concettina Sfienti Limiting Temperature N/Z on Isotopic Temperatures Small Small small effects Small small

20 Concettina Sfienti Isoscaling Isoscaling and the Symmetry Energy «systematic behavior of yield ratios following grandcanonical expectations» M.B. Tsang et al., PRC 64, 054615 (2001) M.B.Tsang et al. PRL123(2001)

21 Concettina Sfienti Isoscaling and the Symmetry Energy Isoscaling

22 Concettina Sfienti Isoscaling and the Symmetry Energy …from isoscaling to  p0 fit of individual Z fits First experimental conclusion: The individual slopes are identical for Z≥3 Second experimental conclusion: The Isoscaling parameters continue to drop Increase in temperature does not compensate decrease of 

23 Concettina Sfienti Isoscaling and the Symmetry Energy Comparison with existing data…. A. Le Fevre et al., PRL 94(2005) 162701 D.V. Shetty et al., PRC 76(2007) 024606

24 Concettina Sfienti Discussion (I) S.Albergo et al. Il Nuovo Cimento A (1985) Decrease in  confirmed Apparent Saturation could depend on T

25 Concettina Sfienti Isoscaling and the Symmetry Energy Discussion (II) A. Le Fèvre et al., PRL 94, 162701 (2005)

26 Concettina Sfienti In the grand-canonical approximation: Conclusion & Outlook

27 Concettina Sfienti Isotopic Effects Global N/Z effects are small Isotope distributions exhibit memory and structure effects Temperature invariant with N/Z in contradiction to limiting temperature assumption Isoscaling Isoscaling data extended into the vaporization regime Reduced symmetry term at freeze-out …something…. Conclusion & Outlook What have we learnt?

28 Concettina Sfienti Conclusion & Outlook …need to be answered… Why does the limiting temperature approximation seem to work so well for the masses but not for the isospin? Isoscaling...why does it work so well? Does  really remain constant? Unique Chance: NEUTRONS!

29 Concettina Sfienti Conclusion & Outlook S.Bianchin, K.Kezzar, A.Le Fèvre, J.Lühning J.Lukasik, U.Lynen, W.F.J. Müller, H.Orth, A.N.Otte, H.Sann, C.Sfienti, C.Schwarz, A.Sokolov, W.Trautmann, J. Wiechula, M.Hellström, D.Henzlova, K.Sümmerer, H.Weick, P.Adrich, T.Aumann, H.Emling, Y.Leifels, R.Palit, H.Simon, H.Johansson, M.De Napoli, G.Imme', G.Raciti, E.Rapisarda, R.Bassini, C.Boiano,I.Iori, A.Pullia,W.G.Lynch, M.Mocko, M.B.Tsang, M.Wallace, C.O.Bacri, A.Boudard, J-E.Ducret, A. Lafriakh, E.Le Gentil, C.Volant, T. Barczyk, J.Brzychczyk, J.Cibor, Z.Majka, A.Mykulyak, P.Pawlowski, A.Wieloch, B. Zwieglinski, B.Czech and A.S.Botvina S.Bianchin, K.Kezzar, A.Le Fèvre, J.Lühning J.Lukasik, U.Lynen, W.F.J. Müller, H.Orth, A.N.Otte, H.Sann, C.Sfienti, C.Schwarz, A.Sokolov, W.Trautmann, J. Wiechula, M.Hellström, D.Henzlova, K.Sümmerer, H.Weick, P.Adrich, T.Aumann, H.Emling, Y.Leifels, R.Palit, H.Simon, H.Johansson, M.De Napoli, G.Imme', G.Raciti, E.Rapisarda, R.Bassini, C.Boiano,I.Iori, A.Pullia, W.G.Lynch, M.Mocko, M.B.Tsang, M.Wallace, C.O.Bacri, A.Boudard, J-E.Ducret, A. Lafriakh, E.Le Gentil, C.Volant, T. Barczyk, J.Brzychczyk, J.Cibor, Z.Majka, A.Mykulyak, P.Pawlowski, A.Wieloch, B. Zwieglinski, B.Czech and A.S.Botvina

30 Concettina Sfienti Conclusion & Outlook...seems to...

31 Concettina Sfienti PreAmp Anode wires Resistive charge division readout Pad readout in groups  12 mm pad modulo-five connected  Reduces the number of readout ch. from 80 to 17  Fine position determination from PAD readout Rough position from charge-division method of the anode wires Resolve the position ambiguity. Anode & Pad Readout The ALADiN Recipe

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