1. EUROPEAN FACTORY WORKERS: 1800-1930 BY: SYDNIE CHAVEZ PERIOD 3 PERIOD 3

2. FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION late 1700’s to 1830’s late 1700’s to 1830’s steam power steam power utilized effectively by James Watt in 1778 utilized effectively by James Watt in 1778 textile industry boomed textile industry boomed introduction of chemical dyes introduction of chemical dyes the use of machine tools such as the the use of machine tools such as the milling machine: used to cut wood, developed in 1829 milling machine: used to cut wood, developed in 1829 the employment of factory workers made all of this possible the employment of factory workers made all of this possible CLICK HERE TO SEE HOW A MILLING MACHINE WORKS CLICK HERE TO SEE HOW A MILLING MACHINE WORKS

3. FACTORY WORKERS men, women, and young children from the lower class were employed men, women, and young children from the lower class were employed factory workers often worked for 16 or more hours with little breaks factory workers often worked for 16 or more hours with little breaks wages were around 1 or 2 dollars a day wages were around 1 or 2 dollars a day the standard of living was extremely low, most families had around 8 or more children, many of whom did not survive to adult hood the standard of living was extremely low, most families had around 8 or more children, many of whom did not survive to adult hood READ MORE ABOUT THE LIVES OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS READ MORE ABOUT THE LIVES OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS LEARN MORE ABOUT WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LEARN MORE ABOUT WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

4. CONDITIONS OF FACTORY WORKERS the conditions in factories during the First Industrial Revolution were horrible the conditions in factories during the First Industrial Revolution were horrible workers were beaten if they were late, fell asleep on the job, or if they did not do the job right workers were beaten if they were late, fell asleep on the job, or if they did not do the job right there are some accounts of children who are late having ropes with heavy weights tied around their necks and paraded around the factory to set an example there are some accounts of children who are late having ropes with heavy weights tied around their necks and paraded around the factory to set an example people were overworked and often physically injured themselves working people were overworked and often physically injured themselves working child workers often died or hurt themselves while attempting to work heavy machinery child workers often died or hurt themselves while attempting to work heavy machinery many women also lost children while working in the factories due to the harsh conditions and inadequate pay, making it impossible to get enough nutritious food many women also lost children while working in the factories due to the harsh conditions and inadequate pay, making it impossible to get enough nutritious food

5. SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1850’s to 1914 1850’s to 1914 also known as the Technological Revolution also known as the Technological Revolution new ways to organize factories were introduced, such as the production line new ways to organize factories were introduced, such as the production line 1855: the Bessemer process which contributed to the mass production of steel products 1855: the Bessemer process which contributed to the mass production of steel products applied chemistry and thermodynamics to new inventions applied chemistry and thermodynamics to new inventions engines and turbines were improved upon engines and turbines were improved upon 1876: internal combustion engine, also known as the Otto engine 1876: internal combustion engine, also known as the Otto engine MORE ABOUT THE BESSEMER PROCESS MORE ABOUT THE BESSEMER PROCESS MORE ABOUT THE OTTO ENGINE MORE ABOUT THE OTTO ENGINE

6. LABOR LAWS Labor Laws were more greatly enforced during the later half of the First Industrial Revolution, and for the majority of the Second Industrial Revolution Labor Laws were more greatly enforced during the later half of the First Industrial Revolution, and for the majority of the Second Industrial Revolution child labor laws child labor laws Factory Act of 1833read more about the Factory act of 1833 Factory Act of 1833read more about the Factory act of 1833read more about the Factory act of 1833read more about the Factory act of 1833 children 9 to 13 years old could only work 8 hours children 9 to 13 years old could only work 8 hours children under 9 years old could not work children under 9 years old could not work Ten Hours Bill of 1847 Ten Hours Bill of 1847 women and children could work no more than 10 hours a day women and children could work no more than 10 hours a day MORE ABOUT THE TEN HOURS BILL OF 1847 MORE ABOUT THE TEN HOURS BILL OF 1847

7. WOMEN WORKERS most women worked in the textile industry and in coal mines most women worked in the textile industry and in coal mines families depended on the extra wages earned by women families depended on the extra wages earned by women women became more independent and had more of a chance at mobility because they were able to make their own money women became more independent and had more of a chance at mobility because they were able to make their own money however, it was hardly enough, though by the late 19th century the standard of living for women did go up due to the increased enforcement of Labor Laws however, it was hardly enough, though by the late 19th century the standard of living for women did go up due to the increased enforcement of Labor Laws working women also did not have access to an extended education, they were taught through churches or through people at the factories they worked at working women also did not have access to an extended education, they were taught through churches or through people at the factories they worked at most people agree, though, that the Industrial Revolution helped advance views towards women in the long run most people agree, though, that the Industrial Revolution helped advance views towards women in the long run LEARN MORE ABOUT WOMEN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LEARN MORE ABOUT WOMEN IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

8. FACTORY WORKERS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR the majority of factory workers during the First World War were women the majority of factory workers during the First World War were women World War I completely changed European society and the views it once held World War I completely changed European society and the views it once held the sanitation in factories improved and complex production lines were implemented to produce as much as possible the sanitation in factories improved and complex production lines were implemented to produce as much as possible many women who were factory workers left to become nurses, greatly increasing the demand for workers many women who were factory workers left to become nurses, greatly increasing the demand for workers with men off at war women were able to dominate the industries of mass production with men off at war women were able to dominate the industries of mass production

9. VIEWS TOWARDS WOMEN women often shamed men into going to war women often shamed men into going to war they decided to join the workforce not only to change their lives, but to show patriotism towards their country they decided to join the workforce not only to change their lives, but to show patriotism towards their country the women had to take on roles they had never been in before the women had to take on roles they had never been in before in Britain and France many women joined the workforce in Britain and France many women joined the workforce Germany: less women joined the workforce because they were seen by men as unable to do the same jobs Germany: less women joined the workforce because they were seen by men as unable to do the same jobs some men still opposed to women in the workforce, still claiming that they belonged doing only domestic things some men still opposed to women in the workforce, still claiming that they belonged doing only domestic things women were given more respect and had more self-respect as they were able to provide for themselves and provide for their country as well women were given more respect and had more self-respect as they were able to provide for themselves and provide for their country as well after the end of World War I women found more jobs available to them, however, they were often replaced by men who returned back from the war after the end of World War I women found more jobs available to them, however, they were often replaced by men who returned back from the war in 1920 the women labor force was 2% less than it had been before the war in 1920 the women labor force was 2% less than it had been before the war women's suffrage movements and feminist movements were more popular, and successful, after the war, when women were more independent and seen as no longer just domestic figures women's suffrage movements and feminist movements were more popular, and successful, after the war, when women were more independent and seen as no longer just domestic figures A letter from the president of the London and Provincial Union of Licensed Vehicle Workers protesting women workers A letter from the president of the London and Provincial Union of Licensed Vehicle Workers protesting women workers

10. SUMMARY conditions at the beginning of the industrial period in Europe were horrible conditions at the beginning of the industrial period in Europe were horrible wages were low and people often died very young due to accidents in the factories wages were low and people often died very young due to accidents in the factories with the enactment of Labor Laws conditions began to improve with the enactment of Labor Laws conditions began to improve Child Labor Laws limited the amount of time children could work, and the treatment towards them Child Labor Laws limited the amount of time children could work, and the treatment towards them by the late 1800’s the standard of living for factory workers had greatly improved by the late 1800’s the standard of living for factory workers had greatly improved during the First World War women were the primary industrial workers during the First World War women were the primary industrial workers the conditions in factories had greatly improved and factories were better organized the conditions in factories had greatly improved and factories were better organized views towards women in society and women in the work force were liberated as the work women did for the cause of the war was respectable views towards women in society and women in the work force were liberated as the work women did for the cause of the war was respectable these views eventually led to women’s suffrage movements and movements towards equality these views eventually led to women’s suffrage movements and movements towards equality

11. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES PLUS WORKS CITED FULL WORKS CITEDFULL WORKS CITED: FULL WORKS CITED on this public google docson this public google docs (direct link https://docs.google.com/document/d/1 EgNWuu8pfr9SUDiLEtbZgAjSj4cU3lYW UFXCPNPvP3U/edit?pli=1) on this public google docs DOCUMENTARY ON THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN DOCUMENTARY ON THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT COAL MINERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT COAL MINERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT SEAMSTRESSES IN THE 1800’S PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT SEAMSTRESSES IN THE 1800’S PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT TEXTILE WORKERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PRIMARY DOCUMENTS ABOUT TEXTILE WORKERS IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION READ A REPORT OF A FACTORY VISIT IN BRITAIN READ A REPORT OF A FACTORY VISIT IN BRITAIN