1. Section 5: Unrest in Austria-Hungary
CHAPTER 16
Nationalism in Europe
Section 5: Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Objectives:
Explain what led to the formation of the Dual Monarchy and what problems it faced.
Describe how the decline of the Ottoman Empire affected European politics.
Discuss how ethnic clashes in southern Europe set the stage for a showdown among the major powers.

2. Ch 16.5 Bell Ringer: Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Ch 16.5 Bell Ringer:
What events led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire? (complete flow chart)
religious ____________ and unfair __________ in Ottoman Empire
rise of _____________ in the Balkans
_________ won independence; _________ won some self-rule

3. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Remember our old friend Metternich?
Host of the Congress of Vienna? Straightening out Europe after Napoleon?
Concert of Europe stomping out liberalism?

4. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Until 1848, Metternich had largely succeeded in destroying all traces of revolutionary change in Europe , but, in that year, when Hungary had risen in revolt and Austrian students had demonstrated in the streets of Vienna demanding "Down with Metternich!", the emperor dismissed him.
1848
Metternich resigns and flees Vienna!
“Europe, sire, is involved in a crisis which much exceeds the bounds of political movements. It is a crisis in the social body. I foresaw the event; I have combated it consistently during a ministry of well-nigh forty years. To check the torrent is no longer within the power of man. It can only be guided.” Metternich to Tsar Nicholas II ~ 1848

5. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Political Cartoon
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Metternich fleeing Vienna

6. SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
A strong nationalist movement centered on making the Magyars dominant in Hungary.
Hapsburg coat of arms

7. Lajos (Louis) Kossuth 1802-1894
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Lajos (Louis) Kossuth

8. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
1867 ~ creation of the Dual Monarchy
Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary
Each would have their own parliament. Hungary - agricultural Austria - industrial

9. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Franz Josef I
Creation of the Dual Monarchy

10. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary

11. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary

12. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Sultan Abdul-Aziz

13. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Political Cartoon
Unrest in Austria-Hungary

14. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
Political Cartoon
Unrest in Austria-Hungary

15. Russia WINS! Unrest in Austria-Hungary But what exactly did they win?
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
In 1877 Russia and its ally Serbia came to the aid of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria in their rebellions against Turkish rule.
Russo-Turkish War
Russia WINS!
But what exactly did they win?

16. GB & Austria were not happy! Why?
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
…freed Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro from Turkish rule, gave autonomy to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and created a huge autonomous Bulgaria under Russian protection.
Treaty of San Stefano -- …freed Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro from Turkish rule, gave autonomy to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and created a huge autonomous Bulgaria under Russian protection.
Britain and Austria-Hungary, alarmed by the Russian gains contained in the treaty, compelled Russia to accept the Treaty of Berlin (July 1878), whereby Russia's military-political gains from the war were severely restricted.
Dominated by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the congress solved an international crisis caused by the San Stefano treaty by revising the peace settlement to satisfy the interests of Great Britain (by denying Russia the means to extend its naval power and by maintaining the Ottoman Empire as a European power) and to satisfy the interests of Austria-Hungary (by allowing it to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina and thereby increase its influence in the Balkans). In acting so, however, the congress left Russia humiliated by substantially reducing the gains that it had made under the San Stefano treaty. Furthermore, the congress failed to consider adequately the aspirations of the Balkan peoples themselves and, thereby, laid the foundation for future crises in the Balkans.
GB & Austria were not happy! Why?
The Treaty of San Stefano

17. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
…revised the peace settlement to satisfy the interests of Great Britain (denied Russia the means to extend its naval power and by maintaining the Ottoman Empire as a European power) and satisfied the interests of Austria-Hungary (allowed it to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina and thereby increase its influence in the Balkans).
The Berlin Treaty

18. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary

19. Unrest in Austria-Hungary
SECTION 5
Unrest in Austria-Hungary
The rulers of Germany, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Great Britain attempting to keep the lid on the powder keg of imperialist and nationalist tensions in the Balkans to prevent a general European war. They were successful in 1912 and 1913 but failed in 1914.

20. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 16
1. How did differences in the goals of different political groups affect the unification and nationalization of countries such as Germany and Russia?
2. To what extent did threats from other countries influence unification movements?
3. In what countries did common cultural backgrounds play a role in unification efforts?