2. 1914- 1918: The World at War 1914- 1918: The World at War Mrs. May-Beaton

3. Causes of the War

4. 1. Militarism 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

5. 2. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

8. Europe in 1914

9. 3. Imperialism

10. 4.Nationalism

11. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

12. The “Spark”

13. Leading up to the ‘shot heard round the world’:  Austria controlled Bosnia Nationalism:  Serbia wanted the territory of Bosnia to be freed from foreign control  Wanted to unite Serbia and Bosnia  June 28, 1389 Serbs conquered by Turks  June 28, 1912 Serbs defeat Ottoman Turks and receive their freedom  June 28, 1914…

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand  Born 12/18/1863, Austria  Assassinated 7/28/1914  Archduke of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne  Was told not to go to Bosnia because of terrorist action  Serbs see Austrians as foreign oppressors  Wife killed in assassination as well  Assassinated by Princip in order to force Austria to giving up their control of Bosnia

16. The Black Hand  Nationalist gang  Included high ranking Serbian military officials.  Main purpose to unite all Serbs across Balkans  “To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

17. The Assassination: Sarajevo

18. The Plot  The Black hand wanted to assassinate the Archduke in order to bring Bosnia into Serbia and unite all Serbs.  Leaders of Bosnia found out about the plot but were unable to prevent it in time.  3 men planned to kill the Archduke when he came to visit Bosnia

19. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

20. Gavril Princip  D.O.B- 7/25/1894, Bosnia  Died 1918, at 23 from tuberculosis in Czechoslovakia  Member of the “ Young Bosnia” nationalist group, connected to the “Black Hand”  Wanted Bosnia to become part of Serbia  Only assassin to complete plot, and murder the Archduke

21. The Result: Powder Keg Erupts!  Austria sends Serbia an ultimatum: Punish any military officials involved in the plot End Serbian aggression against Austria Give Austria full access to military records and government files and investigate the shooting  Serbia refused part of the ultimatum, claiming it would have to give up their freedom  Germany gave Austria their full support, writing a “blank check” for Austria to start war with Serbia

22. Continued…  Serbia asks Russia for support, and gets both French and Russia support  Ultimatum expires, Austria officially declares war on Serbia  Russia partially mobilizes forces along Austrian border, July 30  Germany declared war on France and Russia, following “Schlieffen Plan”

23. Continued…  Serbia asks Russia for support, and gets both French and Russia support  Ultimatum expires, Austria officially declares war on Serbia  Russia partially mobilizes forces along Austrian border, July 30  Germany declared war on France and Russia, following “Schlieffen Plan”

24. What was the Schlieffen Plan?  Germany’s military Strategy planned by General Schlieffen years before Ferdinand’s assassination  Germany did not want to fight a 2-front war Fighting both Russia and France at once, on either border.  Plan to first defeat France by going through Belgium, and then focus on Russia, hoping that Russia would be slow to mobilize

25. Back To Results  Germany’s declaration of war and invasion of neutral Belgium with no explanation, FORCED England to declare war on Germany  By August 5, 1914 the lines were drawn:  France, England, Russia, Serbia (Gummy Bears) vs. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Sour Gummies)

26. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey] I'm not saying anything yet

27. Europe in 1914

28. DIG IN!  Battle lines are drawn and trench warfare is born!

29. Who’s To Blame?

30. What’s Going On?  Who is in this cartoon?  What is the cartoon saying about the events leading up to the war?  What is meant by the quote, “…and surely so much stockpiled gunpowder will explode.”

31. What will happen  4 years of horrific fighting throughout Europe  Other neutral nations will be forced into battle  One death will lead to millions  The illusion of a great war will be shattered by modern warfare techniques  Change the world, and diplomacy