1. The Stage is Set for War
Chapter 13 Section 1

2. Uneasy Peace Peace is the goal in Europe
Hundreds of peace organizations exist by 1900
Peace congress convened regularly ( )
But underlining forces are pulling Europe towards war

3. Steady Rise of Nationalism
This is one of a few forces that move Europe to war
Nationalism is a deep devotion to one’s nation
It creates competition between the countries of Europe
The Great Powers in Europe want to overpower each other in some way
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and France

4. Competition The sources of competition are as follows:
Material and Markets (economy)
Industry
Finance
Shipping
The two big players here are Great Britain and Germany
Territory
France vs. Germany Austria-Hungary vs. Russia

5. Imperialism
Because Europe was grabbing land all over the world, sometimes they would want the same area
This would cause great tension back in Europe
France and Germany almost fought over Morocco
Colonies deepened mistrust in Europe and created more competition

6. Growth of Militarism Nationalism led to a dangerous arms race
To be truly great you need a big army
By 1914 all the Great Powers, minus Great Britain, had a standing army
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy and France
Plans for war are drawn up and ready to be implemented

7. Growth of Militarism
This idea of glorifying military power and having an army prepared of war is known as militarism
Think about it…
The country next to you has a large army
They have plans to invade/destroy your country
You have had problems with them in the past
How would this make you feel?

8. Tangled Alliances The Great Powers align themselves
This was meant to stabilize Europe but it ended up bringing everyone into the war

9. Bismarck Forges Early Pacts
Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck
He used war to unite Germany
Once he had accomplished his goal he tried to stabilize Europe through alliances
Biggest threat in his eyes…France

10. Bismarck Alliance He wanted to isolate France if a war broke out.
Triple Alliance is formed:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Later Russia signs a pact with Germany but it is weak

11. Shifting Alliances Kaiser Wilhelm II takes over Germany
He undoes everything Bismarck had formed, because of a war mongering attitude
In 1890 he let the pact end with Russia
Russia now aligns itself with France
Germany challenges Britain at sea… Britain to France

12. Triple Alliance Vs. Triple Entente
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
France, Russia, Great Britain
If one goes to war, they all go to war!

13. Crisis in the Balkans

14. Crisis in the Balkans The true powder keg Many ethnic groups
Once part of the Ottoman Empire
Some nations have pulled away
The nations that have pulled away want more
The Great Powers want some land being left behind by the Ottomans (also known as Turks)

15. The Slavs Serbia gains independence Serbia is ethnically Slavic
Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina – it has a large Slavic population
Serbia:
Wanted the lands of Bosnia and Herzegovina
They felt that the Slavs should be in one country

16. The Beginning Austria vs. Serbia Serbia is backed by Russia
Austria is backed by Germany
Russia tells Serbia to take Bosnia and Herz, but…
Germany quickly backs Austria and Russia is unprepared to help
Serbia backs down

17. A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
Serbia and Austria are enemies
Here’s the story:
Newly crowned Archduke Franz Ferdinand takes over Austria-Hungary
On June 28, 1914 the royal couple is in Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia)
While there he is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip
Gavrilo belongs to the Black Hand Society – they want Austria-Hungary out of Bosnia

18. Consequences Gavrilo was Serbian
Austria blames Serbia and ask harsh demands to punish them (Germany encourage this)
Serbia agrees to most of the demands but ask that some are tried/heard in international court
Austria will not budge on this so… August 28 they declare war on Serbia

19. Consequences Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
That means they also declared war on Russia
If you declare war on Russia then you declare war on France and Great Britain
By Austria-Hungary declaring war the brought Germany into it as well as Italy

20. Making Sense of it All This drags France in
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
This drags Russia in for Serbia
This drags France in
This drags Great Britain in
This brings Germany in for Austria
This drags Italy in