2.  World War I Dates: 1914-1918  Great Nations at the start of the Great War (World War I):  Great Britain (England) France Germany  Austria-HungaryRussia Italy  USAOttoman (Turkish) Empire

3.  Militarism  Alliances  Imperialism  Nationalism

4.  Extreme readiness for war by building up of arms, army and readiness (population). Caused a buildup of military during late 1870-1914, esp. 1890s. By 1914 all but Britain had large army and plans for mobilization Germany and Britain in Naval race

5.  Britain vs. Germany Industrialization Navy buildup (British “two power standard”, Germany was #2)  France vs. Germany Franco-Prussian War (1870)  (Germany Won) Alsace and Lorraine Morocco (1905, 1911) (France Won)  Austria-Hungary vs. Russia Balkans and ethnic disputes Non-frozen seaport for Russia

7.  Nations had armies ready and prepared.  Brought about new technology  Caused Rivalries

8.  Unification of Germany by Otto von Bismarck through wars and diplomacy from 1864-1871.  1879 – Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria Hungary (Secretly included Russia)  1882- Italy joins making the Triple Alliance  1887 – Reinsurance Treaty between Russia and Germany after Austria Hungary breaks 1879 treaty with Russia.  1890 – Kaiser Wilhelm II forces Bismarck to Resign and lets Russian treaty expire

9.  1892 and 1894 – France and Russia make treaties  1904 – Britain signs am entente cordiale or friendly understanding with France  1907 – Britain signs a treaty with Russia, completing the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia)  1908 – Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina

10.  the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination.  Social Darwinism  Need for resources, power, prestige  White Mans Burden

11.  By Rudyard Kipling McClure’s Magazine 12(Geb. 1899) Questions: 1.What is the “white man’s burden” ? Who carries it? 2.Do you think Kipling supports colonialism or is addressing the concerns? Explain.

12.  Rivalry over land France and Germany Russia, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire  Want for Power, Prestige Great Britain Germany France

13.  Pride and devotion to one’s country or nation  Nations acted in their own self-interest, desiring to be free from the influence of other countries and prove their ethnicity as best. Germany, Italy become nations from small states  Germany-Otto Von Bismarck united and became Chancellor and Kaiser William I became emperor.

14.  Franco-Prussian Wars France lost border of Alasce and Lorraine  Russia and Pan-slavism Support slavic peoples who shared common nationality  South Slav state Serbia want South slavic state which would take land away from Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey

15.  Balkans as the “Powder Keg of Europe”  Austria-Hungary and Serbia both hoped to absorb all the Southern Slavic people into their nation.  1912- First Balkan War - Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece take remaining Balkan lands from the Ottoman Empire (Albania was created).  1913 – Second Balkan War – Bulgaria attempts to take the spoils from first war from Greece and Serbia but loses.

16.  Bosnia still belonged to Austria-Hungary

17.  June 28, 1914 Franz and Sophie Ferdinand visit Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia. Assassinated by Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip (19) of “Black Hand” Serbian officials knew of attempt but were not involved. Austria-Hungary asks for and receives a “ blank check” promise of support from Germany to attack Serbia. July 23 48 hour Ultimatum made by Austria to Serbia. Serbia accepts all but one demand (Austrian-Hungarian officials into Serbia) July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia

18.  July 28 - Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war lead to…  July 29 - Russia mobilizing on Austria- Hungary leading to…  July 29-31 - Germany asking Russia to stop or else leading to…  August 1 – Germany declaring war on Russia (after no response) and then…  August 3 – Germany declared war on France and marched through neutral Belgium, which lead to…  August 4 - Britain declaring war on Germany to defend Belgium.

19.  Central Powers (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire)  Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, Italians (switch sides, Spring 1915) and later the U.S.) Japan sided with the Allies under Emperor Hirohito T.E. Lawrence of Arabia led the Arab resistance against the Ottoman Empire

20.  Japanese over German China and Pacific island colonies  English and French over 3 out of 4 German African colonies  In India, Gandhi urged Indian support for the War