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Unit 12: The road to WW I Causes The Outbreak The Eastern and Western Fronts
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Causes Nationalism (2 examples) –Alsace and Lorraine: The French were still very bitter about losing this border region in the Franco-Prussian War –Pan-Slavism –Russians believed that they had to defend their “little Slavic brothers” (EX: Serbia) Imperial Rivalry (Defn.) –Great Britain was threatened by German industrial growth –Crisis in Africa: Britain and France drawn closer together by their common mission of keeping Germany out of Northern Africa
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More Causes Militarism: Glorification of the military, Warfare, and armed forces. Preparedness for war. War as a romantic undertaking –Social Darwinism War as a biological necessity –Arms Race: The Kaiser (Wilhelm II) built a navy to rival that of Great Britain
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Kaiser Wilhelm II 1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II becomes emperor of Germany –Biography Relatives in Russia and Great Britain –Fired Bismarck for being overly friendly towards Russia
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Crisis in the Balkans Beginning in 1875 rebellions against the Ottoman Empire (the “sick man” of Europe) resulted in tensions among the great powers and Russian intervention –1878: Serbia gained independence but the Austrians won the right to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina (large Serbian populations)
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Entangling Alliances Bismarck’s goal after 1871: To be in a “majority of three” 1873: The Three Emperors League (Germany. A-H, and Russia) an alliance against radical movements –After Bismarck is fired Germany loses Russia to France Result: The Triple Entente (GB, Russia,,France) and the Triple Alliance (Germ. Aus-Hung, Italy)
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Sarajevo June 28 th 1914 Gavrillo Princep a Serbian nationalist (Black Hand) shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie The Austrians responded by asking Germany for their support –Germany gives them a “blank check” and Austria issues an ultimatum to Serbia (48 hrs) Serbia must end all anti-Austrian activity and allow Austria to run the investigation into the matter
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