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4. 3 Contents CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1The Italian Renaissance SECTION 2France SECTION 3Germany and Flanders SECTION 4Spain SECTION 5England CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.

5. 4 Chapter Focus 1 Overview Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter 28 describes the Renaissance and the changes it brought to western Europe.  –Section 1 discusses the start of the Renaissance in Italy.  –Section 2 describes the Renaissance in France.  –Section 3 analyzes the Renaissance in Germany and Flanders.  –Section 4 explains the Renaissance in Spain.  –Section 5 summarizes the Renaissance in England.

6. 5 Chapter Focus 2 Objectives explain how the Renaissance flourished in Italy.  After studying this chapter, you will be able to: identify how France was influenced by the Renaissance.  describe how the Renaissance spread to Germany and Flanders.  discuss how the Church and the government influenced the Renaissance in Spain.  cite features of the Renaissance in England. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

7. 6 Chapter Focus 3 Read to Discover Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 433 of your textbook. How the Renaissance flourished in the Italian city-states  How France was influenced by the Italian Renaissance  How the Renaissance spread to Germany and Flanders  How the Roman Catholic Church and the government influenced the Renaissance in Spain  How the English monarchy promoted the Renaissance in England

8. 7 Chapter Focus 4 classical writings  humanists  piazza  doge  chateaux  printing press  Johannes Gutenberg  El Greco  Henry VIII  Elizabeth I  William Shakespeare  Terms to Learn People to Know (cont.) Florence  Venice  Papal States  Toledo Places to Locate Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words. Leonardo da Vinci  People to Know Michelangelo 

9. 8 Around 1300, scholars in western Europe developed a new interest in classical writings, or the writings of the ancient Greeks and Romans. The scholars improved their knowledge of Greek and Latin. They also began to accept some Greek and Roman ideas. One idea that that scholars accepted was a belief in the importance of people. Because of this, the scholars were called humanists. Their work caused a break with the thinking of the Middle Ages and led to a new age called the Renaissance, a French word meaning “rebirth.” During this age, people became less concerned with the mysteries of heaven and more interested in the world around them. Chapter Focus 5 Why It’s Important Click the Speaker On button to replay the audio.

10. End of Chapter Focus

11. 10 Section 1-1 The Italian City-States The first and leading center of the Renaissance was Italy, which consisted of small, independent city-states.  At first, each city-state was ruled by guilds, and later, powerful individuals or families took control.  The leaders of the Italian city-states wanted to be remembered as wise, generous rulers. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 433 of your textbook.

12. 11 Section 1-2 Art Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Art was an important part of life in Renaissance Italy, and city-states were proud of their artists.  Renaissance artists carefully studied ancient Greek and Roman art, science, mathematics, and nature.  The rulers of the city-states paid good artists for their paintings and sculptures.  One of the greatest Renaissance artists, Leonardo da Vinci, is known for the Mona Lisa.

13. 12 Section 1-3 Another outstanding artist was Michelangelo Buonarroti, known for his paintings on the ceiling and altar wall of Rome’s Sistine Chapel. Art (cont.)

14. 13 Section 1-4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. While the rich built homes in the classical style, most people in the cities were poor and lived in run-down areas.  The center of city life was the piazza, or central square, where markets were set up and people gathered.  Marriages were arranged as if they were business deals.  Most men dressed in tights and tunics, and women dressed in simply cut, flowing dresses with tight bodices. City Life

15. 14 Section 1-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Italian Renaissance began in Florence, which was ruled by the Medici family.  Lorenzo de Medici, who became the ruler of Florence in 1478, made it a center of art and learning.  About 1490, Florence’s trade started to decline.  A monk named Savonarola accused the Medicis of not ruling justly and gained the people’s support, overthrowing the Medicis in 1494. Florence

16. 15 Section 1-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. By 1498, the people of Florence had tired of Savonarola’s strict ways, and he was hanged for heresy.  The Medicis returned to power, but Florence’s greatness had passed. Florence (cont.)

17. 16 Section 1-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. During the 1300s and 1400s Popes wanted to show Europe’s kings that the Church was still powerful.  In 1492, Rodrigo Borgia became Pope Alexander VI by bribing cardinals to vote for him.  Pope Alexander’s goal was to make central Italy a kingdom ruled by the Borgia family.  By the time of Alexander’s death in 1503, Rome had replaced Florence as the center of the Renaissance. The Papal States

18. 17 Section 1-8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Renaissance did not reach Venice until the late 1500s because Venetians had looked to Constantinople rather than to western Europe for art and literature.  Venice was ruled by a few merchant aristocrats that controlled the Senate and the Council of Ten.  The Council passed laws and chose the doge, or official ruler.  The Venetians were expected to place loyalty to their city above anything else. Venice

19. 18 Section 1-Assessment 1 Section Assessment How important was art during the Renaissance? Explain. Art was an important part of life. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

20. 19 Section 1-Assessment 2 Section Assessment (cont.) What made Venice different from other Italian city-states? It looked to Constantinople for art and literature, was built on 117 islands, and had canals instead of streets. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

21. 20 Section 1-Assessment 3 Section Assessment (cont.) Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment Do you approve or disapprove of the system of justice in Renaissance Venice? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

22. 21 Characteristics include: bustling trade center, a lot of artistic and scientific work, narrow paved streets with open sewers, lavish merchant homes on top of shops, rundown sections for wage workers, active piazzas, close-knit family life, fashionable clothing styles, and so on. Section 1-Assessment 4 Section Assessment (cont.) Draw the diagram on page 440 of your textbook, and use it to show characteristics of life in Renaissance Italy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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24. 23 Section 2-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2 begins on page 440 of your textbook. France In 1494, the French began invading Italy, and French kings became fascinated by Italian art, architecture, and fashions.  In the 1500s, King Francis I and many of his nobles hired Italian architects to design chateaux, or castles, which were then built along the Loire River.  Francis I also encouraged French authors, including the physician-monk Rabelais, to model their works on those of Italian authors.

25. 24 Section 2-Assessment 1 Section Assessment What did Francis I do to encourage Renaissance thought in French literature? He encouraged French authors to model their works on those of Italian authors. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

26. 25 Section 2-Assessment 2 Section Assessment (cont.) What did Rabelais believe? He believed that humans were not tied down by their past and could do whatever they wished. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

27. 26 Section 2-Assessment 3 Section Assessment (cont.) Making Inferences How do you think people of the time reacted to Rabelais’s ideas? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

28. 27 Section 2-Assessment 4 Section Assessment (cont.) Draw the diagram on page 440 (bottom), and use it to show the cause and effects of the arrival of the Renaissance in France. cause–French invasion of Italy and fascination of French kings with Italian art, architecture, and fashions effects–employment of Italian artisans and architects, construction of chateaux, books modeled after Italian writers Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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30. 29 Section 3-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3 begins on page 441 of your textbook. Germany and Flanders The Renaissance also spread to the rich trading centers of Germany and Flanders.  Religious scholars learned Greek and Hebrew so they could understand the earliest versions of the Bible.  At the same time, German merchants began to appreciate Renaissance values; this was the beginning of a new, privileged middle class.

31. 30 Section 3-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Germany and Flanders (cont.) About 1440, a German named Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press.  This allowed many more books and ideas to spread rapidly.  Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, two brothers from Flanders, discovered how to paint in oils for deep and rich color.

32. 31 Section 3- Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. What church reforms did German and Flemish scholars want to make? They wanted changes that would make church teachings simpler. Section Assessment

33. 32 Section 3- Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section Assessment (cont.) How did the printing press change European life? It made many more books available to people and also made them cheaper to buy.

34. 33 Section 3- Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section Assessment (cont.) Predicting Consequences How might life in Europe have been different without the development of Gutenberg’s printing press? Answers will vary but could include that Renaissance ideas might not have spread as quickly throughout Europe.

35. 34 Section 3- Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw the diagram on page 441 of your textbook, and use it to support a generalization about the role of religion in spreading the Renaissance to Germany and Flanders. Supporting details will vary according to each generalization.

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37. 36 Section 4-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4 begins on page 442 of your textbook. Spain The Renaissance took root in Spain in the late 1400s and early 1500s.  It was influenced by the close ties between the Roman Catholic Church and the government.  The leading Church official, Cardinal Jiménez, was a loyal supporter of the monarchy and a strong believer in the value of learning.

38. 37 Section 4-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Spain (cont.) In 1555, Philip II became king.  He did not trust the work of scholars. The Spanish Inquisition charged many with heresy, and some were burned at the stake.  Despite strong Church and government controls, the arts flowered.  Toledo became a center for painters and poets, including one Greek painter the Spanish called El Greco.

39. 38 Section 4-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. He painted figures with very long bodies, parts of which stretched beyond normal size.  The theater was also popular in Renaissance Spain.  Author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra wrote many plays, short stories, and other works, including the novel Don Quixote. Spain (cont.)

40. 39 Section 4- Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What factors influenced the Renaissance in Spain? It was influenced by the close ties between the Roman Catholic Church and the government. Section Assessment

41. 40 Section 4- Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) Why did Philip II mistreat Spanish scholars? He did not trust their work and considered much of it to be heretical.

42. 41 Section 4- Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) Making Comparisons How did Cardinal Jiménez and Philip II differ in their attitudes toward learning? Cardinal Jiménez believed in the value of learning and helped spread education. Philip II distrusted the work of scholars and charged many of them with heresy.

43. 42 Section 4- Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw the diagram on page 443 of your textbook, and use it to summarize the contributions of Jiménez, El Greco, and Cervantes to the Spanish Renaissance. Jiménez–founded universities, welcomed scholars from other countries, helped scholars produce a new version of the Bible in three languages El Greco–spread new painting styles Cervantes–wrote many plays, short stories, and other works, including the novel Don Quixote

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45. 44 Section 5-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 5 begins on page 443 of your textbook. England In 1455, the House of York and the House of Lancaster began a fight for the throne, a struggle called the Wars of the Roses.  When the wars ended in 1485, a family called the Tudors, who fought on the Lancastrian side, took over the English throne.  The first Tudor king, Henry VII, prepared the way for the Renaissance.  Henry VII’s work was continued by his son, Henry VIII, who became king in 1509.

46. 45 Section 5-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. England (cont.) The English Renaissance reached its height during the reign of Henry VIII’s daughter Elizabeth I.  Poetry, music, and the theater became a part of daily life.  About 1580, the first theaters in England were built, with stages in the open air.  One of the best known English playwrights, or authors of plays, was William Shakespeare.

47. 46 Section 5-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. His most famous works include Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, and A Midsummer Night's Dream.  Many experts consider Shakespeare the greatest playwright in the English language. England (cont.)

48. 47 Section 5- Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What did the Tudors do to encourage the Renaissance in England? The made the monarchy stronger, built up trade, and encouraged the arts. Section Assessment

49. 48 Section 5- Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) What were English theaters like? They were open-air stages where the audience sat under a roof or stood in the pit to see afternoon plays.

50. 49 Section 5- Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) From where did Shakespeare draw ideas for his plays? He drew ideas from the histories of England and ancient Rome and also from Italian tales.

51. 50 Section 5- Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) Understanding Cause and Effect What was the cause of the Wars of the Roses? How did this war affect English history? cause–struggle for the throne waged by the York and Lancaster families effects–the Tudors, who fought for the Lancasters, took the throne and paved the way for the English Renaissance

52. 51 Section 5- Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw the diagram on page 446, and use it to write four facts about the English Renaissance. Facts will vary but should reflect the achievements of the Elizabethan era.

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54. 53 Chapter Summary 1 Chapter Summary & Study Guide Around 1300, western European scholars showed a growing interest in classical writings, which in turn led to the Renaissance.  The Renaissance began in the Italian city- states, where the wealth from trade helped fuel a burst of artistic achievement.  Leading figures in the Italian Renaissance included rulers such as the Medicis of Florence and artists like Michelangelo Buonarroti and Leonardo da Vinci. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

55. 54 Chapter Summary 2 Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Renaissance moved from Florence to Rome when the Popes rebuilt the city to prove their power to the rulers of Europe.  In the late 1500s, the Renaissance spread from Rome to Venice.  After 1494, King Francis I helped bring the Renaissance to France.  An interest in religious reform and trading contacts with Italy helped bring the Renaissance to Germany and Flanders.

56. 55 Chapter Summary 3 Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Development of a printing press by Johannes Gutenberg helped new Renaissance ideas to reach more people.  In the late 1400s and early 1500s the Renaissance spread to Spain, where it was influenced by strong ties with the Roman Catholic Church and strict government policies.  The Tudors paved the way for the arrival of the Renaissance in England, where it reached its peak under Elizabeth I.

57. 56 Chapter Summary 4 Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) The people of Renaissance England were very fond of plays, especially those by William Shakespeare.

58. End of Chapter Summary

59. 58 Chapter Assessment 1 Understanding the Main Idea Whose writings did the scholars of western Europe study during the Renaissance? They studied those of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

60. 59 Chapter Assessment 2 Why were the Renaissance scholars called humanists? They were called humanists because they believed in the importance of people. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

61. 60 Chapter Assessment 3 What did the rulers of the Italian city-states do to encourage learning and development of art? They spent money and encouraged scholars, poets, and philosophers, and set up palace schools. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

62. 61 Chapter Assessment 4 Why did the people of Florence turn to Savonarola in 1494? They thought he would stop too much government spending and food and housing shortages. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

63. 62 Chapter Assessment 5 How was France introduced to the Renaissance? France was introduced to the Renaissance through its invasions of Italy. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

64. 63 Chapter Assessment 6 Understanding the Main Idea What did Germany, Flanders, Spain, and England contribute to the Renaissance? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

65. 64 Chapter Assessment 7 Of what did El Escorial become a well known symbol? El Escorial became a symbol for the power and religious devotion of Spanish rulers. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

66. 65 Chapter Assessment 8 How did the Wars of the Roses get their name? The name came from the symbols of the two noble families who fought. Understanding the Main Idea Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

67. 66 Chapter Assessment 9 How did the Renaissance differ from the Middle Ages? During the Renaissance, people became more interested in art, learning, and the world around them. Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

68. 67 Chapter Assessment 10 What was the connection between trade and the start of the Renaissance? The Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade and spent their wealth on the arts. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking

69. 68 Chapter Assessment 11 Why was Lorenzo de Medici called “the Magnificent”? He made Florence prosper. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking

70. 69 Chapter Assessment 12 If you could go back in time and talk with a Renaissance artist or ruler, whom would you choose? What questions would you ask? Explain your answer. Critical Thinking

71. 70 Chapter Assessment 13 Location Refer to the map of Renaissance Italy on page 438 of your textbook. This country is often compared to the shape of a boot. Describe the location of this country by giving its latitude and longitude. Then describe its relative location. Italy stretched from about 48º–38º N latitude, and from about 5º–18º E longitude. Geography in History Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

72. 71 Chapter Assessment 14 Is the man charged with theft innocent or guilty? His alibi: “During the theft, at 3:00 P.M., I was at the Globe Theater watching Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Afterward, it was so crowded along the Thames River that I didn’t leave the area until after dark.” innocent–facts are accurate Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

73. End of Chapter Assessment

74. 73 History Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Human Heritage: A World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.humanheritage.glencoe.com

75. 74 Global Chronology Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. 1478 Lorenzo de Medici becomes ruler of Florence c. 1440 Johannes Gutenberg develops printing press 1494 The Renaissance spreads to France 1485 Tudors take over the English throne 1580 First English theaters built

76. 75 People in History 5.1 Henry VIII was a typical Renaissance ruler. He played tennis, liked to joust, and wrote music. He also built up the English navy and changed the course of history by convincing Parliament to declare him the head of the Church of England, splitting with the Roman Catholic Church. Henry VIII 1491–1547 English King

77. 76 Fun Facts 1.1 Guidelines for Rulers Niccolò Machiavelli wrote a handbook for rulers called The Prince. Here are some of Machiavellis’ ideas: It is much safer to be feared than loved, if one must choose. There cannot be good laws where the state is not well armed. A wise leader cannot and should not keep his word when keeping it is not to his advantage.

78. 77 Fun Facts 3.1 Moveable Type The Chinese knew how to make moveable type long before European printers did. The large number of Chinese characters, however, made it difficult to use. The Roman alphabet has just 26 letters, making interchangeable type quick and efficient.

79. 78 Then & Now Contents 1 Mona Lisa Venice Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section. Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation.

80. 79 Then & Now 1.1 Near the end of his life, while living in France, Leonardo da Vinci sold the Mona Lisa to his patron Francis I, king of France. The painting is one of the major attractions of the Louvre in Paris, where it can be seen today. Mona Lisa

81. 80 Then & Now 1.2 Located on the Adriatic Sea between the Po and Piave rivers, Venice is known as the “Queen of the Adriatic.” Flooding, sinking land, pollution, and age have threatened the city and its many landmarks. In recent times, the United Nations has worked to preserve the city as a world historic site. Venice

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