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Hydraulic Engineering Eng. Osama Dawoud
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http://www.haestad.com/library/books/awdm/online/wwhelp/wwhimpl/java/html/wwhelp.htm
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Lecture 4 Head Losses in Pipelines Part2
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Minor Losses Additional losses due to entries and exits, fittings and valves are traditionally referred to as minor losses
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Losses due to contraction A sudden contraction A sudden contraction in a pipe usually causes a marked drop in pressure in the pipe due to both the increase in velocity and the loss of energy to turbulence.
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Value of the coefficient K c for sudden contraction V2V2V2V2
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gradual pipe transition confusor Head losses due to pipe contraction may be greatly reduced by introducing a gradual pipe transition known as a confusor
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Losses due to Enlargement A sudden Enlargement A sudden Enlargement in a pipe
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gradual pipe transition diffusor Head losses due to pipe enlargement may be greatly reduced by introducing a gradual pipe transition known as a diffusor
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Loss due to pipe entrance General formula for head loss at the entrance of a pipe is also expressed in term of velocity head of the pipe
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Loss at pipe exit (discharge head loss) In this case the entire velocity head of the pipe flow is dissipated and that the discharge loss is
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Loss of head in pipe bends
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Loss of head through valves
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Minor loss calculation using equivalent pipe length
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Example 1 In the figure shown two new cast iron pipes in series, D1 =0.6m, D2 =0.4m length of the two pipes is 300m, level at A =80m, Q = 0.5m3/s (T=10 o C).there are a sudden contraction between Pipe 1 and 2, and Sharp entrance at pipe 1. Fine the water level at B e = 0.26mm v = 1.31×10-6 Q = 0.5 m3/s
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Solution
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Z B = 80 – 13.36 = 66.64 m
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Example 2 A pipe enlarge suddenly from D1=240mm to D2=480mm. the H.G.L rises by 10 cm calculate the flow in the pipe
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Solution
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Power in pipelines
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Calculate the max transported power through pipe line The max transported power through pipe line at
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Efficiency in power transportation through pipelines
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Example 3 Pipe line has length 3500m and Diameter 0.5m is used to transport Power Energy using water. Total head at entrance = 500m. Determine the maximum power at the Exit. F = 0.024
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Lecture 5 Pipelines in series & parallel
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Pipelines in Series
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Pipelines in Parallel
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Example 4 الشكل التالي يوضح نظام مكون من أنابيب من الحديد المجلفن، الأنبوب الرئيسي قطره 20 سم بطول 4 م، بين الوصلتين 1 و 2 ، تم تثبيت صمام سكينة Gate Valve ، عند نهايته مباشرة قبل الوصلة 2 ، الأنبوب المتفرع قطره 12 سم بطول 6.4 م. يتكون من وصلات مرفقية بزاية 90o (R/D = 2.0) وصمام منزلي. يتدفق الماء عبر النظام بحيث يكون التدفق الكلي 0.26 م 3/ ث عند درجة حرارة 10o مئوية، احسب التدفق في كل أنبوب عندما تكون الصمامات مفتوحة بالكامل.
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Example 4
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