1. Chapter 14 Psychological Disorders

2. Psychopathology

3. The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological problems

4. Psychological disorders

5. A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that cause significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of daily life, or both

6. DSM-IV-TR

7. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; Text Revision; Describes the specific symptoms and diagnostics guidelines for different psychological disorders

8. Anxiety

9. an unpleasant emotional state characterized by physical arousal and feelings of tension; apprehension, and worry

10. Anxiety Disorders

11. A category of psychological disorders in which extreme anxiety is the main diagnostic feature and causes significant disruptions in the person’s cognitive, behavioral, or interpersonal functioning

12. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

13. An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, global and persistent symptoms of anxiety

14. Panic Attack

15. A sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity

16. Panic disorder

17. An anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks

18. Phobia

19. An irrational fear triggered by a specific object or situation

20. Specific Phobia

21. An anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme and irrational fear of a specific object or situation that interferes with the ability to function in daily life

22. Agoraphobia

23. An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public situation and being unable to escape

24. Social Phobia

25. An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged or scrutinized by others in social situations

26. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

27. An anxiety disorder in which chronic and persistent symptoms of anxiety develop in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma

28. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

29. An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain actions

30. Obsessions

31. Repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that cause extreme anxiety and distress

32. Compulsions

33. Repetitive behavior or mental acts that are performed to prevent or reduce anxiety

34. Mood Disorders

35. A category of mental disorders in which significant and chronic disruptions in mood is predominant symptom, causing impaired cognitive, behavioral, and major physical functioning

36. Major Depression

37. A mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning

38. Dysthymic Disorder

39. A mood disorder involving chronic, low-grade feelings of depression that produce subjective discomfort but do not seriously impair the ability to function

40. Seasonal Affective Disorder

41. A mood disorder in which episode of depression typically recur during the fall and winter and remit during the spring and summer

42. Bipolar Disorder

43. A mood disorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement

44. Manic Episode

45. A sudden, rapidly escalating emotional state characterized by extreme euphoria, excitement, physical energy, and rapid thoughts and speech

46. Cyclothymic Disorder

47. A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder

48. Personality Disorder

49. Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations,and deviate from the expectations of the individual’s culture

50. Paranoid Personality Disorder

51. A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis

52. Antisocial Personality Disorder

53. A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern disregarding and violating the rights of others

54. Borderline personality disorder

55. A personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsively

56. Dissociative Experience

57. A break or disruption in consciousness during which awareness, memory, and personal identity become separated or divided.

58. Dissociative Disorders

59. A category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruptions of awareness, memory, and personal identity impair the ability to function

60. Dissociative amnesia

61. A dissociative disorder involving the partial or total inability to recall important personal information

62. Dissociative Fugue

63. A dissociative disorder involving sudden and unexpected travel away from home, extensive amnesia, and identity confusion

64. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

65. A dissociative disorder involving extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities, or personalities

66. Schizophrenia

67. A mental disorder in which the ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, or thoughts

68. positive Symptoms

69. In schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect excesses or distortions of normal functioning, including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts and behavior

70. Negative Symptoms

71. In schizophrenia, symptoms that reflect defects or deficits in normal functioning, including flat affect, algoia, and avolition

72. Delusion

73. A falsely held belief that persist in spite of contradictory evidence

74. Hallucinations

75. A false or distorted perception that seems vividly real to the person experiencing it.

76. Dopamine hypothesis

77. The view that schizophrenia is related to, and may be caused by, excess activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain