1. 1 Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 346. (Source given above.)

2. 2 Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 347. (Source given above.)

3. The patient is attempting to explain about an appointment for dental surgery. Yes … ah … Monday … er … Dad and Peter H … (his own name), and Dad … er … hospital … and ah … Wednesday … Wednesday, nine o'clock … and oh … Thursday … ten o'clock, ah doctors … two an' doctors … and er … teeth … yah. 3 Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 335. (From Goodglass & Geschwind, 1976, p. 408.)

4. I believe this is a patient describing a picture of a mother and two children in a kitchen. Well this is … mother is away here working her work out o' here to get her better, but when she's looking, the two boys looking in the other part. One their small tile into her time here. She's working another time because she's getting, too. 4 Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 337. (From Goodglass & Geschwind, 1976, p. 410.)

5. 5 Carroll, David W. 1994. Psychology of Language, second edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 349. (Source given above.)

6. 6

7. Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Analytical Holistic Relational Spatial Language Music Math Emotions 7

8. 8 Dingwall, William Orr. 1998. The biological bases of human communicative behavior. In Psycholinguistics, second edition. Jean Berko Gleason and Nan Bernstein Ratner, editors. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, p. 74.

9. 9 Dingwall, William Orr. 1998. The biological bases of human communicative behavior. In Psycholinguistics, second edition. Jean Berko Gleason and Nan Bernstein Ratner, editors. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, pp. 80-81.

10. 10 Carroll, David W. 1999. Psychology of Language, third edition. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, p. 347. (Source as indicated above.)

11. 11

12. 12 Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue and Roger Lewin. 1994. Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.