1. REVIEW OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

2. SIMILE
A comparison of two things using “like, as than,” or “resembles.”
“She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

3. METAPHOR A direct comparison of two unlike things
“All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.”
- William Shakespeare

4. ONOMATOPOEIA
Words that imitate the sound they are naming
BUZZ

5. PERSONIFICATION
from “Ninki”
by Shirley Jackson
“Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief by the general air of incompetence exhibited in the kitchen, and she went into the living room and got Shax, who is extraordinarily lazy and never catches his own chipmunks, but who is, at least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw clearly, to a man with a gun.
An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities.

6. ALLITERATION Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?
Activity: Alliteration group game

7. IMAGERY Language that appeals to the senses.
Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell.
then with cracked hands that ached
from labor in the weekday weather . . .
from “Those Winter Sundays”

8. SYMBOLISM
= Innocence
= Peace
When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else.

9. Hyperbole Exaggeration often used for emphasis.
Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout
Would not take the garbage out!
And so it piled up to the ceilings:
Coffee grounds, potato peelings,
Brown bananas, rotten peas,
Chunks of sour cottage cheese.
It filled the can, it covered the floor,
It cracked the window, it blocked the door
-Shel Silverstein

10. Allusion
Allusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to”
An allusion is a reference to something famous.
A tunnel walled and overlaid
With dazzling crystal: we had read
Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave,
And to our own his name we gave.
From “Snowbound”
John Greenleaf Whittier

11. "I must be cruel only to be kind” -HAMLET
OXYMORON
figure of speech in which two terms appear to contradict each other.
deafening silence
"I must be cruel only to be kind” -HAMLET

12. POETRY TERMS

13. POETRY FORM A word is dead When it is said, Some say. I say it just
LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem
STANZA - a group of lines arranged together
COUPLET- a two line stanza
A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.
I say it just
Begins to live
That day.

14. RHYME
Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.
(A word always rhymes with itself.)
LAMP
STAMP
Share the short “a” vowel sound
Share the combined “mp” consonant sound
Activity: Rhyme group game

15. REFRAIN
a repeated part of a poem, particularly when it comes either at the end of a stanza or between two stanzas
“Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’”

16. BLANK VERSE Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,
Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
-Shakespeare’s Macbeth

17. SOME TYPES OF POETRY

18. Examples of Narrative Poems:
A poem that tells a story.
Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.
Examples of Narrative Poems:
“The Lady of Shiloh”
“The Raven”
“Casey at the Bat”

19. BALLAD Examples in Text: “Get Up and Bar the Door” “Barbara Allan”
Narrative poem (often sad) usually written in four-line stanzas to be sung often employing repetition of a refrain
Rhyme scheme: ABCB DEFE GHIH etc.
Examples in Text:
“Get Up and Bar the Door”
“Barbara Allan”

20. BALLAD from “Bold Robin Hood,”
Bold Robin Hood ranged the forest all round,    The forest all round rang'd he, And there did he meet with a gay lady,    Come weeping along the highway.
Oh why do you weep my gay lady?    Why do you weep for gold or for fee? Oh why do you weep for anything else,    That was taken from any body.
I do not weep for gold, she said,    Nor do I weep for any fee, Nor do I weep for any thing else,    That was stolen from any body.
Then why do you weep? said jolly Robin,    I pray thee come tell unto me, Why do I weep? for my three sons,    For they're all condemned to die.

21. LYRIC Written from singular point of view
Expresses observations & feelings
Does not tell a story and is often musical
2 types of lyric poetry: elegy & sonnet

22. ELEGY
Solemn & formal lyric about death which may mourn a particular person or reflect on a serious or tragic theme like the passing away of youth, beauty, or a way of life.
Example in Text:
Thomas Gray’s
“Elegy written in a Country Courtyard”

23. ENGLISH SONNET abab cdcd efef gg
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometimes declines,
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed.
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.
The first 12 lines set up a situation, and the ending couplet resolves or comments upon it
The rhyme scheme is
abab cdcd efef gg