2. Literature and Composition II DRAMA AND POETRY Course Objectives 1.Critical reading: understanding and interpretation. 2. Discussing poetry and drama. 3. Writing about literature.

3. Literature What is literature?

4. Literature Is literature a way of reflecting life or is it a part of life itself?

5. Poetry and Drama Why does a division fall between prose fiction and poetry + drama, not the other way round?  Poetry of America by Salvador Dali.

6. Poetry and Drama Poetry expresses emotions while prose fiction narrates events. Poetry deals with the inner world of a person. Drama focuses on interpersonal relations. Drama is centered upon the attitude of a person/persons to a fundamental problem

7. The Middle Class Gentleman (Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme) by Molière PHILOSOPHY MASTER I'll explain to you all these strange things to their very depths. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN Please do. But now, I must confide in you. I'm in love with a lady of great quality, and I wish that you would help me write something to her in a little note that I will let fall at her feet. PHILOSOPHY MASTER Very well. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN That will be gallant, yes? PHILOSOPHY MASTER Without doubt. Is it verse that you wish to write her? MONSIEUR JOURDAIN No, no. No verse.

8. The Middle Class Gentleman (LeBourgeois Gentilhomme) by Molière PHILOSOPHY MASTER Do you want only prose? MONSIEUR JOURDAIN No, I don't want either prose or verse. PHILOSOPHY MASTER It must be one or the other. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN Why? PHILOSOPHY MASTER Because, sir, there is no other way to express oneself than with prose or verse. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN There is nothing but prose or verse? PHILOSOPHY MASTER No, sir, everything that is not prose is verse, and everything that is not verse is prose.

9. The Middle Class Gentleman (Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme) by Molière MONSIEUR JOURDAIN And when one speaks, what is that then? PHILOSOPHY MASTER Prose. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN What! When I say, "Nicole, bring me my slippers, and give me my nightcap," that's prose? PHILOSOPHY MASTER Yes, Sir. MONSIEUR JOURDAIN By my faith! For more than forty years I have been speaking prose without knowing anything about it, and I am much obliged to you for having taught me that.

10. What is Poetry?

11. Archibald MacLeish “Ars Poetica” (1926) A poem should be palpable and mute As a globed fruit, Dumb As old medallions to the thumb, Silent as the sleeve-worn stone Of casement ledges where the moss has grown-- A poem should be wordless As the flight of birds.

12. Archibald MacLeish “Ars Poetica” A poem should be motionless in time As the moon climbs, Leaving, as the moon releases Twig by twig the night-entangled trees, Leaving, as the moon behind the winter leaves, Memory by memory the mind-- A poem should be motionless in time As the moon climbs.

13. Archibald MacLeish “Ars Poetica” A poem should be equal to: Not true. For all the history of grief An empty doorway and a maple leaf. For love The leaning grasses and two lights above the sea-- A poem should not mean But be.

14. Characteristics of Poetry Greek póiesis from poiéo – “I do,” or “I create”. “Verse” from Latin versus, “turned backwards.” Poetry is written vertically. Poetry has rhythm. Poetry is expressive.

15. Why do people compose poetry?

16. POETRY Why do we read it?

17. The Origin of Poetry Poetry is the oldest form of literature which had been oral before writing was invented. Poetic structure helped to remember information and hand it down to subsequent generations. Poetry was often sung.

18. The Origin of Poetry and Drama All imaginative literature used to be called poetry, be it poems, fiction, or drama. Drama originated from poetry sung in chorus in the 6 th century BC. During the Renaissance, a distinction was made between epic poetry, lyric poetry, and dramatic poetry.

19. Contemporary Types of Poetry Lyric poetry (from the Greek lyre): shorter and more personal. Epic poetry: longer, more objective and narrative. Epic poem: “a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero. The Iliad and the Odyssey are epics.” (Merriam Webster Dictionary)

20. Diagnostic Test 1.What do you hope to learn from this course? (2-3 sentences) 2.Write a short (3-4 paragraphs) review a work of literature you recently read. Try to concentrate on grammar and spelling as well as content.