1. ‘ Verie sweete and artificiall ’ : Lorenzo Costa and the earliest viols John Bryan University of Huddersfield, UK & Rose Consort of Viols

2. Lorenzo Costa Madonna and Child enthroned with SS. Augustine, Posidonius, John and Francis Cappella di S. Agostino, San Giovanni in Monte, Bologna

3. Lorenzo Costa (c. 1460–1535) Trained in Ferrara 1480s & 1490s commissions for Bentivoglio family in Bologna 1492–7 runs school of painting in Ferrara with Francia 1497 Madonna and Child for Ghedini chapel, Bologna 1504 Coronation of a Lady for Isabella d’Este 1506 court painter at Mantua 1509 citizen of Mantua

4. Lorenzo Costa The Concert National Gallery, London

5. Lorenzo Costa, Coronation of a Lady, Louvre, Paris

7. Intarsia in Isabella’s studiolo at Mantua

8. Isabella d’Este 1474 born in Ferrara 1490 marries Francesco Gonzaga of Mantua 1495 orders first viole 1499 is playing viola 1504 commissions Costa 1519 Francesco dies 1539 Isabella dies

9. Raphael Baldassare Castiglione (1478–1529) Louvre, Paris