1. 2-4 The Race for Empires
Pgs 52-57

2. What was the Protestant Reformation?

3. EVENTS IN EUROPE
Protestant Reformation
1517 (Germany) Martin Luther
Publicly criticized the Roman Catholic Church
Church too wealthy and abused its power
Religious movement began in small German towns but quickly spread to most of Europe
Create political disputes
Protestants – reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church’s practices
Religion should be simple

4. Printing press spread Reformations ideas
Bible’s, essays
Allowed independent study
Conflict between Catholics and Protestants
Civil war
1500s French Catholics vs. French Huguenots (protestant) = Huguenots emigrated to Americas
Religious freedom
1534 Church of England created by Henry the VIII
Challenged Popes authority

5. What happened in the war between Spain and England during the 1500s?

6. Spain and England Go to War
1500s King Philip II of Spain led Catholic Reformation in response to the Protestant Reformation
Goal: Drive the Protestants out of England
Sea Dogs = English sailors led by Sir Francis Drake
Spanish Armada – huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans

8. Invade England Overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican Church
1588 Smaller English fleet defeated the Armada
Shocked Spain
Spain’s economy is in trouble
Ends Spain’s dominance of the sea

9. Who searched for the Northwest Passage? Were they successful?

10. Search for a Northwest Passage
Northwest Passage – water route through NA that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific
John Cabot – Sailed for England ( )
Basis for the English American colonies
Giovanni da Verrazano – 1524 (Italy)
Coasts of North Carolina to Maine

11. Jacques Cartier (France)
St. Lawrence River
Land claimed for France
Henry Hudson (England) 1609
Found NY
1st trip he sailed for the Dutch and the 2nd for the English
Hudson Bay

12. What was the earliest English Settlement? Was it successful? Why?

13. EUROPEAN PRESENCE
Spain and Portugal dominated Americas early
England, France, and Dutch explored NA

14. English Presence in the New World
1500s set up permanent settlements
Sir Walter Raleigh
Charter – document that gives permission to start a colony
1584 expedition landed in present day Virginia and North Carolina

15. Roanoke Island founded in NC in 1585
Hard life – fought with Native Americans, trouble finding and growing food
1 year later returned to England
John White resettled in 1587, returned to England for supplies but war with Spain prevented him from returning for 3 years. When he did colony was deserted
“lost colony”

16. What were the earliest French Settlements?

17. French Presence in the New World
1st NA settlement was Florida (1564)
Destroyed by Spanish
Settled Present Day Canada
Samuel de Chaplain
Followed Cartier
1608 colony on the St. Lawrence River in Quebec for fur trade

18. 1600s New France
Fur traders, explorers, missionaries
Mississippi River – Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette (1673)
Mississippi Valley claimed for France called Louisiana
1700s New Outposts
Detroit, St. Louis, New Orleans
12000 settlers
Allied with Native Americans because of Fur Trades

19. What were the earliest Dutch settlements like?

20. Dutch Presence in the New World
Dutch were searching for trade
Claimed the land between the Delaware River and the Hudson River = New Netherlands
1624Dutch West India Company
Bought Manhattan Island for $24
New Amsterdam
Religious freedom
New Sweden in the same area along the Delaware River – later became part of New Netherlands