2. Mrs. Konken5 th Grade - Timber Ridge Elementary Physical Science Students will verify that an object is the sum of its parts. a. Demonstrate that the mass of an object is equal to the sum of its parts by manipulating and measuring different objects made of various parts. b. Investigate how common items have parts that are too small to be seen without magnification. Students will explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change. a. Investigate physical changes by separating mixtures and manipulating (cutting, tearing, folding) paper to demonstrate examples of physical change. b. Recognize that the changes in state of water (water vapor/steam, liquid, ice) are due to temperature differences and are examples of physical change. c. Investigate the properties of a substance before, during, and after a chemical reaction to find evidence of change.

3. S5P1: Students will verify that an object is the sum of its parts. b. Investigate how common items have parts that are too small to be seen without magnification. ---Vocabulary--- Atom: the smallest possible particle of an element Molecule: a single particle of matter made up of two or more atoms joined together Element: a substance made of just one kind of atom EXAMPLE: A snowman is made up of snowflakes Snowflakes are made of H₂O molecules. H₂O molecules are made of atoms from the Elements of Hydrogen and Oxygen. Objects can be broken down to smaller parts that cannot be seen with the naked eye. An object can be broken down into smaller parts, such as cells, and those cells can be broken down into molecules and elements, which can then be broken down into individual atoms. Everything is made of smaller parts that cannot be seen without magnification.

5. S5P2: Students will explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change. a. Investigate physical changes by separating mixtures and manipulating (cutting, tearing, folding) paper to demonstrate examples of physical change. ---Vocabulary--- Physical Change: a change that does not result in a new substance Mixture: matter made up of two or more substances or materials that are physically combined and can be separated If you change the appearance or state of something, but the change does not affect the type of atoms it is composed of or the change is reversible, the object experienced a physical change. For example, if you cut, tear, or fold a piece of paper, it is still paper, therefore it underwent a physical change. When you put two or more substances together physically, such as when you put tomatoes and lettuce in a salad, the substances can be separated, which means that it is a mixture. Also, if you mix salt and water, you can separate the salt from the water through evaporation, which makes saltwater a mixture.

6. S5P2: Students will explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change. b. Recognize that the changes in state of water (water vapor/steam, liquid, ice) are due to temperature differences and are examples of physical change ---Vocabulary--- Change of State: a substance can change its state depending on the conditions surrounding it evaporation boiling melting freezing condensation sublimation Water undergoes changes of state very noticeably and so provides a good example of physical change. When water is a room temperature it is a liquid, but when it gets below the freezing point of 32°F or 0°C, it becomes a solid and the water becomes ice. Surprisingly, parts of the ice become gases in the process known as sublimation. When the ice begins to warm above the freezing point, it starts to become a liquid once again. If the liquid reaches the boiling point of 212°F or 100°C, the liquid becomes a gas and the water becomes steam or water vapor. The steam then evaporates into the air. If the temperature drops below the boiling point, the steam will once again become a liquid through the process of condensation. Because all of these changes are reversible and do not alter the substance, they are examples of physical change. Change of state is a physical change dependent on temperature changes.

7. S5P2: Students will explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change. c. Investigate the properties of a substance before, during, and after a chemical reaction to find evidence of change. ---Vocabulary--- Physical Property: a trait of a substance by itself Chemical Property: a characteristic that involves how a substance interacts with other substances When you are examining a substance, you can notice a variety of characteristics. If you are noticing qualities that involve just the object itself, you are examining physical properties. If you are examining characteristics that involve how the object interacts with other substances, you are observing chemical properties. Physical Properties Chemical Properties volume conductivity temperature texture reflectivity permeability freezing and boiling point mass magnetism malleability luster size density color …and more! flammability heat of combustion toxicity oxidization radioactivity chemical stability half-life decomposition explosiveness corrosion reactivity …and more!

8. S5P2: Students will explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change. c. Investigate the properties of a substance before, during, and after a chemical reaction to find evidence of change. ---Vocabulary--- Chemical Change: a change that results in the formation of new substances Chemical Reaction: another term for chemical change Compound: a substance made of two or more kinds of atoms that are chemically combined **Watch this video to explore the differences between physical and chemical changes!** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8tyjwB42X4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8tyjwB42X4 **Watch this video to explore the chemical reactions with Bill Nye!** https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smkVzfZmDIUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smkVzfZmDIU For example, the salt that you can find in your kitchen was formed through the following chemical reaction: 2Na + Cl₂ = 2 NaCl This chemical reaction takes Sodium, which is a metal that can be toxic or explosive, and Chlorine, a green gas that is poisonous and has a nasty odor, to make Sodium Chloride, a substance necessary for living beings to ingest and used to flavor food. Chemical reactions, or chemical changes, take two or more substances to create a totally new substance, or substances, that can have completely different properties from the original substances. If you combine two or more elements in a chemical reaction, you can create a compound. This compound is a new substance with its own characteristics separate from the elements that were used to form it.

9. S5P1: Students will verify that an object is the sum of its parts. a. Demonstrate that the mass of an object is equal to the sum of its parts by manipulating and measuring different objects made of various parts. ---Vocabulary--- Law of Conservation of Mass: the total amount of mass remains constant in an isolated system in spite of any physical or chemical changes that may take place If you break an object down to all of the parts that compose it, it has the same mass as the whole object. In essence, the mass of an object is the same as all of the parts that form it. Even if an object goes through a chemical change, all of the mass of the products will equal the mass of the reactants. Mass can not be created or destroyed.

10. To learn more about mass and matter, visit these websites that focus on 5 th grade standards: http://www.frodonz.com/physicalscience.html And http://www.jonathanfeicht.com/physical-changes.html