1. VISION & LIGHTING

2. Topics to be discussed The eye & visual capabilities Lighting for work

3. Structure of the eye Iris Pupil Retina Fovea Rods Cones Pic from book p4 Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

4. Visual acuity Fine detail Changes with ageing Snellen Eye Chart www.disabled-world.com

5. Colour vision Seeing colour Colour deficiency Visual aids Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

6. Vision in low light Lack of colour Adaptation Which jobs in your industry require either very good visual acuity and/or colour vision? Are they designed to allow this?

7. Contrast sensitivity Low contrast High contrast Flicker

8. Glare Disability Discomfort www.tintshield.com.au www.eclipze.com.au

9. Reflections Place monitor side on to a window to reduce reflections WorkSafe Vic.

10. Illuminance Definition: Amount of light falling on a surface Stevenson

11. Luminance Definition: Amount of light emitted by objects or from surfaces Stevenson

12. Luminaires Incandescent Gas discharge Orientation Normal Special Selection of lighting

13. Lighting design Task Viewer Area Environment Lamp Illuminance Uniformity Maintenance Daylight UOW

14. Reducing eye strain Regularly look away from near work. Each 20 minutes, look at least 6 metres/20 feet “Each 20, look 20”

15. NOISE

16. Topics to be discussed Ears and hearing Noise Controlling noise exposure

17. Structure of the ear Pic from p.4 Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

18. Hearing problems Hearing loss Tinnitus HSE

19. Nuisance noise Loud High frequency Unaccustomed Dislike source Unfamiliar Intermittent

20. Measuring noise dB(A) – average dB(C) – peak www.noisemeters.com

21. Typical noise levels HSE

22. Controlling noise (1) 1. Engineering solutions?

23. Controlling noise (2) 2. Administrative controls?

24. Controlling noise (3) 3. PPE: hearing protection? Incorrect The correct and incorrect fitting of earplugs HSE

25. THERMAL ENVIRONMENT Bluescope Steel

26. Factors affecting the thermal environment Air temperature Radiant temperature Humidity Air movement Human activity Clothing Qld Health

27. Australian Bureau of Meteorology

28. Impact of heat stress BP

29. Australian Bureau of Meteorology

30. Exposure to heat Engineering Work practices Personal tolerance S.H.A.F.T.S. To increase tolerance to heat: Sensible Hydrated Acclimatised Fit Thin Sober

31. Exposure to cold Engineering Work practices Personal tolerance BP HSM

32. Thermal comfort surveys Refer to Table 6.3 in manual –Air tempt –Humidity –Thermal radiation –Air movements –Physical workload –Clothing –Worker opinion

33. VIBRATION

34. Topics to be discussed Hand-transmitted vibration Whole body vibration Causes Effects Reducing risk

35. Hand-transmitted vibration (1) ‘H.A.V.S’ Vascular Neurological Muscle Joint Bone Source: www.havsrm.com

36. Hand-transmitted vibration (2) Source.. Handheld power tools Hand guided powered equipment Powered machines

37. Hand-transmitted vibration (3) Common tools: Jackhammer Rotary hammer Impact drill Chainsaw Angle grinder Hand-guided machines

38. Hand-transmitted vibration (4) HSE

39. Hand-transmitted vibration (5) HSE

40. Hand-transmitted vibration (6) Reduce risk… Tool selection Maintenance Warm and dry Exposure schedule

41. Whole body vibration (1) Source: Sitting in plant Standing on a work platform Examples: Off road machinery in mining, construction, forestry & agriculture Driving vehicles designed for smooth roads over uneven surfaces / yards UOW

42. Whole body vibration (2) To assess exposure (as per ISO 2631): McPhee

43. Whole body vibration (3) Best ever ride  Worst ever ride McPhee

44. Whole body vibration (4) Reduce risk: Road maintenance Well maintained vehicles Cab isolation Limiting speed Operator training Vibration monitoring Regular rest breaks KAB Seating

45. SMELL, TASTE & TOUCH

46. Senses at work… Smell taste & touch may all be required in jobs, with varying degrees of importance…

47. Smell & taste.. many hazardous substances do NOT emit an odour… & sense of smell adapts quickly to some smells… Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

48. Smell & taste Bluescope Steel

49. Skin & touch Types of skin damage: Contact eczema Cuts & abrasions Skin irritation Sunburn Cold exposure

50. CLOTHING & PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & ergonomics considerations…

51. Protective clothing When selecting PPE: Consult with users Ensure correct size & style for individuals Compatible with other PPE Training in correct use Documented maintenance, inspection & replacement schedule

52. Footwear Considerations? Surfaces Contaminants Need for slip resistance Durability Toe protection Forefoot flexibility HSM

53. Gloves Considerations for glove selection? HSM BP

54. Eye protection & head protection HSE Considerations for eye or head selection? Bluescope Steel

55. Hearing protection HSE Long hair Safety glasses Earrings Fitting earplugs Considerations for hearing protection?

56. Risk perception & PPE use Source: HSE Noise at work Risk perception is lowered if: Hazard is encountered routinely Risk is cumulative Rewards with non use

57. Ergonomics considerations with PPE use… Anthropometric variability Biomechanical impact Thermal impact Sensory effects Comfort Ease of use & adjustments, etc

58. PPE use… PPE may be a compromise between comfort, performance & protection