1. Hursh Patel Sharon Li

2.  Why do you think taste and smell work so closely together?  How many taste buds does an average human have?  What is a Tastant?  What is an odorant?

3.  Taste and smell are closely involved with each other ◦ Perception of chemicals in the air and in our food ◦ Food “tastes” different when the sense of smell is damaged  It explains why food tastes differently when a person is sick.

4.  Tastants are chemicals in food ◦ Detected by taste buds  5,000-10,000 taste buds  1 taste bud contains 50-100 specialized sensory cells  located on the papillae  Distinguishes chemicals  Sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami (savory)

7.  Signals are transferred to the ends of nerve fibers ◦ Sends impulses along cranial nerves to taste regions in the brainstem ◦ Impulses are relayed to the thalamus and onto Caudal Orbital cortex

8.  How does the mouth send signals?

9.  Odorants are airborne odor molecules ◦ Mucus membrane is found at the roof of the nose ◦ Contains sensory neurons through perforations (pores) through the bone ◦ Cilia receive odorant stimuli at sensory neuron tips

10.  Signaling begins at the roof of the nose ◦ Signals are sent to olfactory bulbs ◦ Then processed in Caudal Orbital cortex

11.  How does the nose send signals?

12.  The activity pattern of odorants acting on receptors are sent to the olfactory bulbs ◦ Then it forms a spatial map to be able to recognize smells. ◦ This information is sent to the primary olfactory cortex

15. JUST KIDDING! ACTIVITY TIME!