2. Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity

3. For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows. Water Molds (Oomycota)

4. Characteristics Four Supergroups: Excavata SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria) Archaeplastida (includes land plants) Unikonta (includes animals and fungi)

7. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads ex. Giardia “excavated” groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, two _______ nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton)

8. ex. Trichimonas (Causes Trichomoniasis) “excavated” groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, ___________ __________) Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Parabaslids

9. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa “excavated” groove on one side of the body Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod 2 Groups: – Euglenids – Kinetoplastids

10. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa Group: Euglenids

11. ex. ___________ (single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA) Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa Group: Kinetoplastids

12. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Supergroup Char: DNA Clade characteristics: Contain Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface 3 Groups: – Dinoflagellates – Apicomplexans – Ciliates

13. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Group: _____________ (2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll)

14. group: Apicomplexans ex. __________ (parasitic, apical structure) Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata

16. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Alveolata Group: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)

17. Supergroup Char: DNA Clade characteristics: Have hair- like projections on flagella Four Groups: – Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) – Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) – Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) – Water Mold (Oomycetes) Supergroup: SAR Clade: _____________

18. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Diatoms

19. cell wall: ________ pigments: carotene, xanthophyll Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta)

20. Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Brown Algae

21. pigments:none cell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800’s) Supergroup: SAR Clade: Stramenopiles Groups: Water Molds (Oomycota)

22. Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding Groups: – Cercozoans – Foraminiferans – Radiolarians SAR (Rhizaria)

23. Supergroup: SAR Group: Cercozoans Plastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis). 2 from cyanobacterium 3 rd from alga’s plasma membrane 4 th from heterotrophic food vacuole.

24. porous shells – made of ____________ Supergroup: SAR (Rhizaria) Group: Foraminiferans (Forams)

25. Supergroup: SAR (Rhizaria) Group: Radiolarians

26. Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium Three Groups: – Red Algae (Rodophyta) – Green Algae (Chlorophyta) – Land Plants Supergroup: Archaeplastida

27. Supergroup: Archaeplastida Group: Rhodophyta (Red) Red Algae Phycoerythrin

28. Supergroup: Archaeplastida Group: Chlorophyta (& Charophytes)

29. Supergroup: Unikonta Very Diverse Group Molecular Systematics links groups (but highly debatable) – Two Clades: Amoebozoans Opisthokonts

30. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Many With Lobe or tube shaped _____________

31. Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal Plasmoidial – NOT ________________ From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei – diploid Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas

32. Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal ___________ (feed like individual amoebas) – aggregate to breed or during stress Haploid Organisms Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas

34. Most are parastic amoebas Entamoeba histolytica 3 rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis

35. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids Group:Choanoflagellates Very Diverse Group: Nuceariids = most closely related to Fungi Choanoflagellates = most closely related to animals

36. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids

37. Similar in morphology and DNA to animals Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Choanoflagellates