1. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Minimally Invasive Gathering of Body Context Information from Garment Interactions Lucy Dunne, Barry Smyth Smart Media Institute, University College Dublin Sarah Brady, Dermot Diamond National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University

2. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Wearable Sensing Sensor-based user monitoring for Context awareness –Awareness of: user’s physiological state, environment, social setting –Reduces cognitive load of wearable technology –Minimizes necessary amount of integrated technology Garment Integration –Minimally invasive sensing (vs. standard body sensing technologies) –Minimizes degree of adaptation required by user –Maximizes user comfort (physical, social)

3. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Data Extraction from Garment Interactions Exploiting natural movements, garment features, and textile structures to obtain information –Detection of physical interactions between body and garment Using garment/textile as sensor –Intelligent textiles, monitoring of textile changes Minimizing foreign concepts/components –Eases user acceptance of innovation

4. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Pressure-Sensitive Foam Polyurethane foam, coated with conductive polypyrrole polymer Pressure results in detectable increase in conductance Soft, washable sensor Foam substrate allows detection of deformations of the structure: bends and compressive forces Does not rely on extension of fabric

5. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Garment Layout Removable sensors/ circuits 2 layer garment: easy integration of additional sensor locations

6. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Breathing Monitor 20% difference in relative resistance

7. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Shoulder Movement 100% difference in relative resistance

8. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Neck Movement/Posture Extension: 80% difference in relative resistance Flexion: 30% difference in relative resistance

9. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Shoulder Blade Pressure 60% difference in relative resistance

10. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Problems Sensor baseline drift: 26.6% of total resistance per minute, due to hysteresis in foam substrate (after 2 hr relax period resistance returns to “normal”) Sensor oxidation: gradual reduction in resistance over time due to oxidation of polymeric backbone Precision of sensor: presence of noise

11. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Future Directions Wireless sensor networks –Integration of pressure sensors into Mote networks

12. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Future Directions Activity monitoring –Coarse detection of arm position

13. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Future Directions Sensitive Sock for Neuropathy

14. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Future Directions Integration of additional sensor types –Contextual information from multiple sources –Agent-based collaboration between wireless sensor nodes –Determination of noise vs. signal

15. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLINDUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SMI || NCSR || CDVP Questions? (the end)