1. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Unit 5.1 MISSION SPECIFIC: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

2. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Objectives q Describe the types of personal protective equipment and EPA levels of protection q Identify the different designs of vapor-protective and splash-protective clothing q Identify the advantages and disadvantages of different types of heat exchange units q Identify at least three indications of material degradation of chemical-protective clothing q Identify the physiological and psychological stresses of using personal protective equipment q Given a scenario involving hazardous materials/WMD incidents and the emergency response plan and/or standard operating procedures, demonstrate the technical decontamination duties assigned in the incident action plan q Identify the safety procedures and emergency procedures for personnel wearing personal protective equipment q Demonstrate local procedures for going through the technical decontamination process q Describe the maintenance, testing, inspection, storage, and documentation procedures for personal protective equipment provided by the AHJ according to the manufacturer’s specifications and recommendations q Given a scenario involving a hazardous materials/WMD incident, identify and complete the reporting and documentation requirements consistent with the emergency response plan and/or standard operating procedures regarding personal protective equipment Unit 5.1  2

3. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program PPE Use q Use of PPE in the hazardous materials/WMD setting must be directed by organizational policies and procedures or, directed by the technical over-sight of trained hazardous materials technicians Unit 5.1  3

4. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Hazard Based Response q The process of developing personal protective measures designed to specifically address the hazards that are present at the scene in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk Unit 5.1  4

5. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Acceptable Risks q Risk vs. Gain We will risk more to achieve more We will risk little to achieve little q Perception Based on Knowledge, training and job experience Knowledgeable Safety Officer Unit 5.1  5

6. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Mechanisms of Harm q Thermal q Etiological q Asphyxiation q Mechanical/Electrical q Chemical q Psychological q Radiological Unit 5.1  6

7. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Thermal q Proper PPE q Suppression of flammable vapors with foam q Elimination of ignition sources q Use of protective hose lines q Cooling of exposed containers Unit 5.1  7

8. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Etiological q Respiratory protection q Gowns q Gloves q Avoiding sharp objects Unit 5.1  8

9. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Asphyxiation q Simple q What is happening to oxygen Displacement Reaction q Chemical Unit 5.1  9

10. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Mechanical q Stabilizing q Shoring q Preventing trips and falls q Wearing puncture resistant clothing (e.g., steel toes, steel shank boot) q Wear protective work gloves, helmets and eye protection Unit 5.1  10

11. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Chemical q Heed the recommendations of the NAERG with regards to firefighter protective clothing q Protect the route of exposure q Avoid areas of high vapor concentration q Approach from up-wind up high q Stay out of enclosed, confined or low lying areas q Avoid direct product contact q Always use appropriate protective clothing Unit 5.1  11

12. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Psychological q Always know your own capabilities and limitations q Never try to over extend yourself q Recognize the need for Critical Incident Stress De-briefing (CISD) Unit 5.1  12

13. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Radiological q Time q Distance If you double your distance from the source, you reduce your exposure to 1/4 the original rate If you triple your distance, your exposure is reduced to 1/9 the original q Shielding Unit 5.1  13

14. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 q Minimum level of protection q Full turnout gear and PP/SCBA q Level must be maintained until atmosphere is quantified Unit 5.1  14

15. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 q Standards for respiratory protection programs Training Selection and use Fitness Fit testing Unit 5.1  15

16. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Ensemble Concept q Ensembles are considered to be all of the components of a personal protective system Respiratory protective component Dermal protective component (garment) Footwear Hand protection Unit 5.1  16

17. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Options q Respiratory q IDLH q Below IDLH q Dermal Gas and vapor protective, high concentration Gas and vapor protection low concentration Liquid with low vapor pressure Particulates Unit 5.1  17

18. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program NFPA 1991 q Standard 1991 — Vapor Protective Garment Protection from high levels of vapor concentration With or without a flash fire protection option Unit 5.1  18

19. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program NFPA 1992 q Splash Protective Garments Liquid splash protection Optional flash fire resistance Unit 5.1  19

20. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program NFPA 1994 q CBRN terrorism response q Class 2 — Vapor or liquid hazards at or above IDLH q Class 3 — Liquid splash, vapor non-IDLH q Class 4 — Particulate/biological Unit 5.1  20

21. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program National Institute of Justice q LERL 1 — IDLH and flash fire q LERL 2 — IDLH no fire q LERL 3 — Non-IDLH respiratory hazard q LERL 4 — Perimeter security operations Unit 5.1  21

22. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Respiratory Protection q Particulate filter Filters particulates out of the air Most common are rated at 95% and 100% (99.97%) efficient at removing particulates 0.1 micron or greater in size Also designated as “P” of oil proof against oil aerosols and “N” as non-oil proof Light weight Limited length of use Does not provide protection from chemical or asphyxiation hazards Unit 5.1  22

23. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Air Purifying Respirators (APR) q Advantages Light weight Extended work periods Stress reduction Matches protection to actual hazard q Limitations Less protective Protection factor 100:1 max Not to be used in IDLH atmosphere Not applicable for firefighting Cannot be used in oxygen deficient atmospheres Chemical specific Must have known chemical and known concentration Develops negative pressure on inhalation Unit 5.1  23

24. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program PAPR q Advantages Positive pressure — higher protection Cooling effect Much the same as APR Stacked filters q Disadvantages Requires battery Cannot be used in IDLH environments Must have at least 19.5% oxygen Unit 5.1  24

25. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program q Advantages Reduced weight Extended operations periods Less physical stress, greater mobility Some are positive pressure Protection factor 10,000:1 if positive pressure q Limitations Air source has potential for failure so emergency egress must be maintained Tether length limited to 300 feet Contamination or damage to tether Unit 5.1  25 Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus (SABA)

26. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Positive Pressure, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (PP/SCBA) q Advantages Readily available 30 to 60 min. duration Freedom of movement Greatest protection Protection factor 10,000:1 q Disadvantages Duration Weight Physical stress Unit 5.1  26

27. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Closed Circuit q Advantages High level of protection Longer duration up to 4hrs q Disadvantages Air supplied is heated Not rated for firefighting or CBRNE Cold temp may impede scrubber May be difficult to decontaminate Unit 5.1  27

28. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Low Pressure Alarm q Firefighting Provides a safety period to allow emergency egress Decontamination is generally not required during firefighting q Hazmat Safety factor of 25 – 30% of bottle life Travel time to and from site Decontamination time Workload expected Environmental –<85 = 0 min. –85 – 90 = 5min. –>90 = 10 min. Unit 5.1  28

29. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Dermal Protection q Minimum level of protection is full turnout gear and PP/SCBA q Any higher protection requires specialized training q Support garment may be worn In support roles where an exposure is not anticipated Examples: aprons, eye protection Unit 5.1  29

30. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Fire Protective Clothing q Must be defensive operations q Garment includes Proximity clothing Entry clothing Structural firefighting clothing Unit 5.1  30

31. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Skin Contact Hazards q Vapors and gases q Vapors from liquids q Solids Unit 5.1  31

32. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Dermal Protective suites q Turnout gear has extreme protective limitations q Two types of protection Vapor Splash q These, combined with the different types of respiratory, give us four levels of protection Unit 5.1  32

33. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Splash Protective Suits q Cannot be used: q In IDLH concentrations q Where there is potential for gross contamination with products absorbed through skin q In potential fire areas q Where large volumes of vapors are expected q Because it creates heat stress since moisture cannot evaporate from the skin q Are well suited for: q Decontamination operations in well established systems q Dealing with non- sublimating solids q Perimeter operations quantified safe q Caring for patients that no longer pose significant risk of secondary contamination Unit 5.1  33

34. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program OSHA PPE q Level C q Splash suit + APR q Splash protection with lower level of respiratory protection q Must know chemical and concentration q Level B q Splash suit + PP/SCBA q Provides splash protection with highest level or respiratory protection Unit 5.1  34

35. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Vapor Protection q Offers the highest level or protection and also, the greatest risk of physical stress q Limitations q No thermal protection q Limited dexterity and sight q Limited communications q Physical stress q Specialized training and maintenance Unit 5.1  35

36. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program BASIC LEVELS OF PROTECTION Equipment/LevelLevel DLevel CLevel BLevel A Garment Type NoneX Bunker GearX Bunker Gear w/CBRN Option X Chemical SplashXX Vapor ProtectiveX Respiratory Protection NoneX Air PurifyingX Positive Pressure supply air or SCBA XX Note: Full firefighter protective clothing provides a high level of respiratory protection but a low level of skin protection; therefore, it is classified as level “D” but has limited applications in the hazard area. Unit 5.1  36

37. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Ensemble Description Using Performance-Based Standard(s) OSHA/EPA Level NFPA 1991, worn with NIOSH CBRN SCBAA NFPA 1994 Class 2 worn with NIOSH CBRN SCBAA or B NFPA 1994 Class 2 worn with NIOSH CBRN APRC NFPA 1994 Class 3 worn with NIOSH CBRN SCBAB NFPA 1994 Class 3 worn with NIOSH CBRN APRC Source: DMS Interagency Board Unit 5.1  37

38. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program PPE and WMD q Radiological q Radiological materials are particulates q Respiratory protection prevents inhalation and ingestion q Particulate protective garments will enhance the ability to decontaminate q NFPA 1994 Class 4 ensembles with PAPR Unit 5.1  38

39. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Nerve/Blister Agents q Nerve agents q Low volatility liquids q Positive pressure SCBA is selected in IDLH environments q In low vapor concentrations, NFPA 1994 Class 2 ensembles are indicated q Blister agents q Low volatility liquids q Positive pressure SCBA is selected in IDLH environments q In low vapor concentrations, NFPA 1994 Class 2 ensembles are indicated Unit 5.1  39

40. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Biological Agents q Particulate respiratory protection q Particulate protective garment found in NFPA 1994 Class 4 q Storage q Testing procedures and frequency q Must be in accordance with manufacture’s recommendations q Should also cover emergency procedures Unit 5.1  40

41. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Entry Requirements q OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 q Use of a buddy system q Use of RIC q EMS on scene dedicated to responders q Decontamination in place q Proper level of PPE q Proper training Unit 5.1  41

42. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program PPE Maintenance q Employer must have defined PPE policy q Define inspection procedures and frequency Permeation Penetration Degradation q Cleaning, disinfection or disposal procedures q Must be maintained according to manufacture’s recommendations q Enforced by Employer’s SOPs q Cleaned and disinfected according to manufacturer’s recommendations Unit 5.1  42

43. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Testing q Garment testing is defined by the manufacturer q Most common means is by inflation testing Unit 5.1  43

44. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Donning, Doffing and Use q Agency Standard Operating Procedures should be used in the donning, doffing and use of PPE q Florida SERC Model Procedure Unit 5.1  44

45. Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training Program Summary q Hazards based response q Personal protective equipment q Minimum level of protection q Respiratory protection q Dermal Protection Unit 5.1  45