1. 471-480 - Analyze document sources. - Describe the changing nature
Analyze document sources Describe the changing nature of work during the late 19th Century.

2. Directions:
1. Read “Point/Counterpoint” debate and
decide whether you think these industrialist
were “Robber Barons” OR “Captains of
Industry”. (be able to defend your position).
2. View the political cartoons and analyze one
that supports your position and one that
opposes your view.

3. Mildly Agree Captains of Industry. Mildly Agree Robber Barons
What’s your position? Where
These industrial tycoons Robber
Barons or Captains of Industry
AND why?
Strongly Agree Captains of Industry.
Strongly Agree Robber Barons

4. The Changing Nature of Work
Demand for low skilled labor
increased resulting in the
“deskilling” of artisans.
Conditions of labor:
low pay – US Steel paid
12.50/week
dangerous – Upton Sinclair’s
book “The Jungle”
long hours – 10 hour days,
six days a week.
sweatshops – “the needle”
trade or garment industry
was common.

5. Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910

6. Typical NYC Sweatshop, 1910

7. The Changing Nature of Work
Child labor
common to see children
as young as age seven
in the garment trade.
coal mines employed
“breaker boys” to sort ore.

9. The Changing Nature of Work
Child labor
Working women –
Paid less than men – St. Louis
factory paid men $16, but only
$4 to women for same job.
Most were single, under age
25 and oftentimes forced
into prostitution.
Authors
Kate Chopin
Theodore Dreiser’s “Sister
Carrie”
Options improved when the type writer and sewing machine were invented.

10. Responses to these Conditions:
Authors:
Photojournalist Jacob Riis
publishes work “How The Other
Half Lives” about the harsh
poverty and tenement living
conditions in American cities.

11. Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

12. Responses to these Conditions:
Reformers:
Riis’ work led to the Settlement House Movement in Chicago, by Jane Addams when she created the “Hull House”.
Industrialists:
Gospel of Wealth was idea
supported by Andrew Carnegie
that hard work led to wealth,
laziness led to poverty.

13. “The Gospel of Wealth” Poverty due to flawed character traits.
Inequality is inevitable and good as it rewards hard work.
HOWEVER, he also suggested that wealthy industrialists give back some of their wealth to society (schools, libraries, universities..)!
Andrew Carnegie

14. Responses to these Conditions:
Reformers:
Led to the Settlement House
Movement in Chicago, Jane
Addams “Hull House”
Industrialists:
Gospel of Wealth was idea
supported by Andrew Carnegie
that hard work led to wealth,
laziness led to poverty.
Social Darwinism was the idea
adopted by John D. Rockefeller
where humanity evolves by
competition, or the “survival
of the fittest”.

15. Social Darwinism
Adapted Darwin’s ideas from the “Origin of Species” to business and the notion of “Survival of the Fittest”.
So…..once again, nothing can be done about poverty and the poor!
Herbert Spencer

16. Responses: Workers organize
The Great Uprising (1877) – Baltimore & Ohio RR strike
Labor Unions
Knights of Labor – (1869) Terrence Powderly
Haymarket Square (1886) made unions appear
radical and dangerous.
American Federation of Labor – 1886 Sam Gompers
Used “Collective Bargaining” and strikes
IWW – Industrial Workers of the World (1905)
Semi-skilled and unskilled workers in industry.
Setbacks: (failures)
The Homestead Steel Strike - (1892) A. Carnagie
The Pullman Strike - (1894) Eugene Debs

17. Test Questions
10. Of the following, which is NOT a true statement about southern farmers and their fight to improve their circumstances from the 1870s to the 1890s?
a. They engaged in trade when they could.
b. They supplemented their income with
diversification of other crops, livestock or
jobs.
c. They struggled to become better
educated so they wouldn’t have to work the farm forever.
d. They formed farmer organizations.

18. Test Questions
20. Which statement about lynchings in the South in the 1890s is true?
a. Lynchings decreased compared to the Reconstruction era
b. Leaders of lynch mobs tended to come from the wealthy ruling class
c. Lynchings and acts of violence against blacks increased dramatically
d. The federal government began to aggressively attempt to end lynchings

19. Test Questions 21. The decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case
21. The decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case
a. placed segregation in the forefront of national political debate
b. led to enactment of institutional segregation in the South
c. had little actual effect on legislative actions in the South
d. was issued with the unanimous support of the Court