1. Flexible Family Friendly Working: Ascertaining the Most Appropriate Tool for the Job Chantal Davies (Senior Lecturer, University of Chester) Mind if I ask you for tips on being a working parent? No problem! Just let me arrange a babysitter…

2. Summary Introduction Means of flexible working The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The statutory right to request flexible working The most appropriate tool? Conclusions

3. Introduction Government initiatives Equal Opportunities Commission report Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The right to request flexible working

4. Means of flexible working Part time work Less traditional concepts of flexibility (Suff, 2006) Dickens, 2007

5. The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Section 1(2)(b) SDA 1975: A person discriminates against a woman if: –he applies to her a provision, criterion or practice which he applies or would apply equally to a man, but— –which puts or would put women at a particular disadvantage when compared with men, –which puts her at that disadvantage, and –which he cannot show to be a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim.” Overcomes problems re disparity, compliance and mandatory requirement or condition

6. Justification Bilka Kaufhaus v Weber Von Hartz [1986] ECJ 1907 “proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim” (section 1(2)(b) SDA 1975) Whiffen v Milham Ford Girl’s School [2001] IRLR 468 Caswell v Advance Travel Partners UK Ltd [2004] unreported

7. Statutory right to request flexible working Parents and Work: Competitiveness and Choice Work and Families Task Force 2001 Section 80 Employment Rights Act 1996 Flexible Working (Procedural Requirements) Regulations 2002 Flexible Working (Eligibility, Complaints and Remedies) Regulations 2002 The right to request Statutory grounds for refusal Expansion of the right

8. The most appropriate tool? Lack of precedent in employment tribunals Complexity of the SDA 1975 The gender divide Arbitration alternative Justification versus reasons for refusal: –Commotion Ltd v Rutty [2006] ICR 290 –Webster v Princes Soft Drinks [2005] unreported Compensation Qualifying Service Statutory Procedure Definition of employee

9. Conclusion If in doubt plead both!