1. Ancient Greece Foundations of Western Civilization Mycenaean Age 2000BCE -1100BCE Hellenic- Classical- 800- 300 BCE Hellenistic-300-BCE-1st cen CE

2. Questions about Greece n Why is what happened in Greece 2500 years ago so important to us today? n What foundations were formed by the Ancient Greeks? n Who were these people people whose legends and myths are still alive?

3. Geographical Considerations n hills and mountains n a few plain regions n jagged coast line n NO river valley n Natural to look to the sea for transportation n Difficult to have political unity

4. Early Greeks 2000-800 BCE n Mycenaeans connected to Crete-oldest city in Europe, fortress with lion gate- later GCS thought built by gods n Dark Ages 1100-750 had an invasion from the North by Dorians- lost writing, fine craftwork, pottery, became isolated n Late in time period- adopted Phoenician alphabet, and iron use- expanded to Ionia and islands

5. Importance of Homer Greek Identity n Looked back to glorious age-connected past with stories of heroes and gods n Unified values- courage and honor n Stories of Odyssey, Iliad (p 81Odysseus) n Never thought there was a Troy Schliemann in 1875 uncovered nine cities- sim to Greek city states (picture p80)

6. Age of Expansion 700-500 BCE n Sailed all over the Mediterranean n Spread what they knew but picked up –coinage from Lydia –alphabet from Phoenicians –developed new classes of merchants and artisans –famous for Greek pottery

7. The Polis (city state) sense of common interest n Athens- more freedom (various forms) n crisis of land led to reforms by Solon n gradual increase in influence of the citizens (men with property) n Sparta- aggressive toward neighbors n slave labor imp n military important n rigid lifestyle n pattern did not encourage ingenuity n or independent thought

8. Classical Greece 500-325BCE Golden Age in History (ch9) n Political- beginnings of democracy Age of Pericles 464-429 said the world will marvel at us n Intellectual First historians, –Father of Medicine- Hippocrates –Mathematicians –Philosophers- basis for all others(Plato- cave p90) n Building- Parthenon (p94) Paestum (p96)

9. Persian War n Persia largest empire of the time n 543 conquered Asia Minor, Gk city states rebelled in Ionia 499 n 490 First phase, ferried 40,00 men to Marathon, surprised by Athenians –26 mile race to Athens to tell news n 480-78 Second Xerxes, 150,000 land bridge n Thermopylae 480 Spartan Platea and Salamis Victory! (NIKE)

10. Peloponnesian War n Cause- Delian League formed and dominated by Athens n NO way to withdraw. Corinth asks Sparta for help n Pericles (p85) declares war defeated by plague, and Sparta –navy in Sicily defeated, Persia helps Sparta –Pericles dies- Athens has walls torn down –city states remain divided

11. Alexander the Great (ch 10) n Chapter 8 ends with defeat of city states by Phillip of Macedon ta Battle of Chaeronea. Phillip assassinated n Alexander 336-323 –student of Aristotle- revered Greek accomplishments –spread the empire and defeated the Persians- –follow path to Asia Minor, Tyre, Egypt to Persia(p99) –amazing accomplishments - Indus Valley –inspired followers- died in Babylon 33

12. Hellenistic Greece(Ch10) n Alexander establishes 60 Alexandrias n Mix of Greek and eastern culture- intermarriage n Art and sculpture amazing- shows movement n Science advanced- p (104) n The world has never been the same!