1. American Expansion 1880-1920 and Gilded Age Foreign Policy
Imperialism
American Expansion and Gilded Age Foreign Policy

2. Killed 2-15. eventually forced to turn over to belgium…..

3. Imperialism in a Global Context
Europe is savagely dividing and controlling the “3rd World” amongst itself
Lord Omdurman
King Leopold in the Congo
Reasons for colonialism:
Raw materials
Market for manufactured goods
Coaling and telegraph stations
“civilizing” natives (white man’s burden)
Missionaries
Omduhrman (Sudan) guns down +10K muslims with machine guns & repeating rifles (vs. spears)
Leopold ½ pop of Congo
held wives and children hostage for men to harvest quotas of rubber
chopped of right hand if you failed
Kipling wrote “white man’s burden” for Queen Victoria’s b-day, but satirically about US occupation of Philippines.

4. Division of Africa
% controlled by european powers %

5. Division of SE Asia

6. US: isolation or imperialism join or die?

7. Monroe Doctrine
1820’s President James Monroe declares Europe must stay out of Western Hemisphere
How can we enforce?
Is this law?
Is this fair to Latin America?
1860’s Napoleon III attempts to control Mexico

8. Acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii
Seward’s Folly or Icebox
7.2 Million $
Hawaii:
American Sugar companies control island’s politics
Queen Liliokalani tries to control and American’s revolt
Pres Cleveland refuses to annex (McKinley, 1898)

9. American ideas about Expansion
We need markets for goods!!! And have always traded with the world
Capt. Alfred Mahan’s book The Influence of Sea Power on History is influential
Isolation v imperialism?

11. Cuba Spain ruled island for over 300 Years “Pearl”
Cuban fight guerilla war for independence
Reconcentrado: Spain places all peasants in forts, kills everyone else!

13. Spanish-American War 1898
McKinley and Yellow Press agitate for war with Spain
USS Maine explodes!!!
McKinley sends ultimatum
America is not ready for the war
Declaration of War clarified with the Teller Amendment
It is a 2 Theater War
Pacific: Philippines
Atlantic: Cuba
Wool uniforms
Outgunned
“embalmed beef”
No horses
Poor medicine

14. Pacific Theater
As. Sec of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt sends Dewey to Philippines w/o orders
Dewey gets ok to attack (Feb)
Wipes out entire Spanish fleet in the Pacific with bold maneuver (May)
Sec of Navy- John D. Long doesn’t trust TR….
Feb 15 main explodes
Feb 25- Long leaves Navy dept, TR moves!

15. Division of SE Asia

16. Manila Harbor

17. TR’s early years Youth- Privileged Rough and tumble Loved nature
Harvard Educated
Mid-life crisis
Sickly and asthmatic as a youngster… almost a challenge
Feb 14- first wife and mother die same day, at the same house. Two days after his first daughter is born….. wife- kidney failure, known as “bright’s disease”
mother form typhus
Leaves alice w/ sister…………He goes to the dakotas

18. Cuba Rough Riders: US in Cuba:
Odd assortment of cowboys and Ivy League
With the 10th Cavalry they charge up Kettle Hill to win the battle of San Juan Hill
US in Cuba:
Defeat Spanish soldiers easily
More soldiers die of disease than bullets!!
US Navy bottles up Spanish fleet in Santiago Harbor and destroys their fleet!!!

19. Results of War Philippines will initially fight American control Cuba:
Platt Amendment (Cuban Constitution):
Cuba can’t sign treaty which weaken its independence
US has right to lease naval stations
No excessive foreign debt
US has right to intervene in domestic affairs
US- Puerto Rico, Guam, Guantanamo Bay
Treaty passes senate by 1 vote!
Many just wanted to end it… and get on w/ “civilizing” the phillipines.

20. American Diplomacy in Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary:
In rxn to German and Brit bombing Venezuela for defaulting on loans
RC: if Hemisphere countries act irresponsibly, we may intervene in their internal affairs!!!

21. Panama Canal TR help starts a revolt in Colombia’s Panamanian Province
US Navy prevents Colombia from intervening
“I took it and left Congress to debate”
US extends immediate recognition and signs canal treaty
Building the canal:
1880: French failure
Key is control of disease
Earth moving machines and locks are engineering marvel
Complete: 1914, open to world and currently owned by Panama

22. Results of Imperialism
3rd World controlled by industrialized nations
Eventually Imperial powers image is tarnished in the 3rd World
US gets involved in world affairs briefly and then retreats into isolation until WW1