2. Motivations Performance Analysis Artistic

3. Visualization for Performance

4. Common Notations Modern western notation Guitar tablature Klavar notation Gregorian chant notation Byzantine chant notation

5. Common Notations Modern western notation Guitar tablature Klavar notation Gregorian chant notation Byzantine chant notation

6. Common Notations Modern western notation Guitar tablature Klavar notation Gregorian chant notation Byzantine chant notation

7. Common Notations Modern western notation Guitar tablature Klavar notation Gregorian chant notation Byzantine chant notation

8. Common Notations Modern western notation Guitar tablature Klavar notation Gregorian chant notation Byzantine chant notation

9. Byzantine Chant Notation Liturgical chant of Greek Orthodox Church Used throughout Byzantine empire (330- 1453) Current use is uncommon monophonic

10. Byzantine Chant Notation 72 notes in octave Symbols indicate: –Relative pitch change –Manner in which note is sung –Duration of note One of several modes and a start note picked initially Microtonal variations important

11. Development of Western Notation Textual markup Gregorian chant notation Modern notation Contemporary experimentation

12. Neume Markup Used in 10 th and 11 th centuries Lines and curves written above text Indicates rough melodic shape Memory aid to singers

13. Gregorian Chant Developed by Guido d’ Arezzo (990-1150) Staff + clef indicates pitch Monophonic More verbose, but more precise

14. Modern Notation Evolved from Gregorian chant Essentially unchanged since 17 th century Evolved `organically’ Symbolic graphical language

15. Axes

16. Note Symbols

17. Rest Symbols

18. Beaming

19. Other Durations

20. Duration Symbols

23. Barlines

24. The Staff

25. Staff Color

26. Pitch

27. Multiple Voices

28. Notational Flexibility

30. Evolving Notation

31. Contemporary

32. Color

33. Indeterminacy

35. General Observations Rich symbolic vocabulary Flexible notation Tailored for human perception Legacy baggage Not intended for novices

37. Klavar Notation Intended for easy piano performance Invented 1931 – sill in use Vertical axis for time (top to bottom)

38. Klavar Notation Staff lines correspond to piano keys Vertical distance gives absolute time Duration inferred from context or with special symbol

39. Guitar Tablature Staff lines correspond to strings Numbers indicate fret Time is only roughly represented

40. Visualization for Analysis

41. Music Animation Machine Shows actions of voices using animation Intended for beginners

42. Sonograms

43. Examples

44. Keysacpes Shows results of a key-finding algorithm Displays different window sizes and positions

45. Examples

46. Dotplots Matrix of segment distances Like an adjacency matrix of a graph

47. Audio vs. Score

48. Actual vs. Midi

49. Shape of Song Method of showing repetition within a sequence

50. Showing Repetition

51. Examples Bach Chopin MadonnaGlass

52. Examples http://www.turbulence.org/Works/song/mono.html