11. BluesCountry & Western Same three chords as the 12-bar bluesMostly acoustic instruments including the double bass Blue notes in the melodyNo drums, but a percussive feel is created in the rhythm guitar playing Walking bass lineElectric guitar ‘licks’ tend to follow vocal phrases

16. Riff-dominated composition – functions as a hook – strong commercial aspect Riff contains blue notes (showing blues influences) Strong backbeat (beats 2 & 4) emphasised by the snare drum Close vocal harmonies inspired by Doo-wop groups Strong rhythmic feel created by straight eighths on the kit and syncopated guitar & vocal parts Major key – feel good factor Double-A single (not part of an album). This is a stereo release recorded using a 4-track machine (introduced in 1963): listen to the song using headphones and create a stereo image showing where the instrumentation is panned.