1. Focus On Grammar Book 2, 5 th edition Lesson 5: Singular / Plural Count / Non-count Nouns There is / There are Quantity words

2. 5.1 Spelling rules for Plurals The sound (S or Z) is usually determined by the sound before it (voiced or unvoiced) Hissy sounds get an extra syllable Vowel and y, o  +s Consonant and y, o  +es F  ves Exceptions

3. 5.2 Use for Generalizations yes

4. 5.3 – Special Cases Adjectives attached to nouns are always singular (but may be pluralizable alone). – He is a five year old boy. – He is five years old. – I have five dollars. – I have a five dollar bill. News and politics are uncountable See page 157 for more

5. 5.4 – Countable and Uncountable Let’s look in our dictionaries… Types – liquids, gases, abstractions, subjects of study etc. Thunder - a thunderclap – Many small things – Groups

6. 5.5 – BOTH! Many can be [C, U] My favorite example is chicken

7. 5.6 Quantity Words Page 164, fourth column  will be on Test #3

8. 5.7, 5.8 – There is, There are Introduce in Time or Place “It exists”, “It is” Could be moved around, but this is better. Emphasizes/Focuses that this is a new topic, and more information may follow. Negatives and Questions are the same old rules. Short answer includes “THERE” as subject. No Contractions

9. 5.9 Quantity Overview (check this in class) SingSing. Neg Sing. Quest. PluralPlural neg. Plural Quest. Non Count NC neg.NC Quest Some Any A / An No  A lot of (Too) much (?) (Too) many (?)? A few ? Few ? A little ? Little ?? Several

10. 5.10 – Some, Any, A, No SINGULAR COUNT NOUNS ALWAYS NEED AND ARTICLE (or another determiner) – A/An, The, No, This, My, One, etc. Some for positive and questions; not negative Any for negative and questions; – not positive (unless it means you can use any one) There is/are NO = There is/are not any

11. 5.11 A lot of, much, many A lot of – plural and non-count – pos, neg, quest Much – Non-count only – pos, neg, quest Many – Plural only – pos, neg, quest

12. 5.12 A Lot Of  Too Much/Too Many TOO = a problem – She has too much money. – Jackson is too tall to get into my car. – Jasvir is too short to drive a truck. With Much and Many, it’s the same.

13. 5.13 A Few, Several, A Little A few for plural Several for plural A little for non-count

14. 5.14 A Few  Few; a Little  Little With “A” = neutral Without “A” = a problem; not enough Few / A Few for plurals Little / A Little for non-count