1. 14.3 Ocean’s resources 14.4 Ocean life
Hydrosphere

2. Learning Targets
Describe the seafloor
List the living and non-living resources that people use from the seafloor
Describe the different types of ocean organisms
Describe the interactions among different ocean organisms

3. Seafloor No light High pressure Low temperature Mapped using SONAR
Sound Navigation and Ranging
How did scientists map the ocean floor? SONAR

5. Ocean Topography Trenches Mid-ocean ridge Abyssal plain
Caused by subduction
10,000+ meters
Mid-ocean ridge
Caused by divergent boundaries
80,000 km long
1,000-3,000 meters tall
Abyssal plain
40% of seafloor
Smooth, flat areas
Vast underwater mountain ranges are mid-ocean ridges
The deepest parts of the ocean are called oceanic trenches.

6. Ocean Resources Living Resources:
Bottom trawling – method of fishing, towing weighted net on seafloor
Seafood
Primary food for millions of people
Why is very little known about the deepest parts of the ocean? There is no light, it is extremely cold, there is extremely high pressure.
What are important resources that comes from oceans? Oil and natural gas, seafood, mineral nodules.

7. Ocean Resources Non-living Resources: Oil and gas Mineral nodules
Likely holds most of earth’s fossil fuels
Mineral nodules
Spherical mineral deposits on the ocean bottom
Why is very little known about the deepest parts of the ocean? There is no light, it is extremely cold, there is extremely high pressure.
What are important resources that comes from oceans? Oil and natural gas, seafood, mineral nodules.

8. Ocean Life Diverse food chain
Includes marine and terrestrial organisms

10. Plankton Microscopic Drifting = Greek word for “wanderer”
Basis for the entire food chain
Phytoplankton
Photosynthesizing microorganisms
Zooplankton
Eggs, microorganisms, juvenile animals, jellyfish
Plankton is the most abundant organism in the ocean.
What organisms are the basis for the entire oceanic food chain? plankton

12. Plants and Algae Vary in size Produce most of the atmospheric oxygen
Microscopic to many meters long
Produce most of the atmospheric oxygen
Photosynthesize  Photic zone

15. Invertebrates Animals without a backbone
Crabs, lobsters, snails, sponges, squid, octopi, starfish, many more
Live in all parts of the ocean
Most species in the ocean are classified as invertebrates.
An animal with no spinal column or backbone is called an invertebrate.

17. Fish Vertebrates Breathe oxygen Includes sharks and eels
Not whales and dolphins
The first vertebrates to evolve in the ocean were fish.
Which of the following is a vertebrate? Coral lobster jellyfish sea turtle

19. Reptiles Breathe air Crocodiles, water snakes, turtles, marine iguanas
Many have terrestrial portions of their lifecycle

21. Seabirds May swim and/or fly Penguins, gulls, kestrels, pelicans
May migrate thousands of miles

23. Marine Mammals Warm-blooded, milk producing Very similar to humans
Evolved from land animals
Cetaceans (whales), sirenians(manatee), pinnepeds(seals), mustelids(otters), polar bears