1. Turkish Code of Commerce Samim Unan

2. Previous Code Dated 1956 Prepared by Prof. Dr. Ernst Hirsch (from Germany) Five books: – Commercial enterprise – Commercial companies – Negotiable instruments – Sea trade – Insurance

3. New Code (Turkish Code of Commerce of 2011) Prepared by a special commission between 2000-2005 Waited until 2011 at the Parliament Enacted in 2011 Introductory provisions + books Six books: – Commercial enterprise – Commercial companies – Negotiable instruments – Transport – Sea Trade – Insurance

4. Introductory provisions TCComm. is an integral part of the Turkish Civil Code of 2001. Provisions of the Code of Commerce and special provisions in other laws relating to a commercial enterprise are “commercial provisions” On a commercial issue, the judge shall decide on the basis of commercial provisions and where any applicable commercial provision is lacking pursuant to commercial customary rules and in default of any customary rule in accordance with general provisions.

5. Introductory provisions Provisions about prescription in the laws containing commercial provisions cannot be modified by stipulation.

6. Commercial enterprise Merchant Commercial Registry Trade name and name of the enterprise Unfair competition Commercial books and records Current account Agency

7. Commercial companies Numerus clausus Unlimited liability of the shareholders Limited liability of the shareholders

8. Negotiable instruments Similar to Swiss law

9. Transport Carriage of goods Carriage of furniture Carriage of passengers Forwarders

10. Sea Trade Vessel Ship owner Master Contracts of sea trade – Bare boat charter – Time charter – Voyage charter – Carriage under B/L

11. Sea trade Liability of the ship owner

12. Insurance General provisions Insurance of loss Personal Insurance Fixed sum insurance (?)