2. Absolute Monarchies in Europe

3. Absolutism A. leader belief B. divine right C. Power of monarchs grew D. Revolts

4. Spain’s Empire and absolutism A. Internal Spain: their king was also the head of the Holy Roman Empire B. Charles V (HRE) – Hapsburg family C. agrees to 1555 Peace of Augsburg before dividing empire D. 3 results of power

5. Phillip II leads to decline A. Phillip II B. acquired Portugal in 1580 C. by 1600: over 335,00 pounds of gold from Americas by 1650 over 16,000 tons of silver D. accumulated money allows funding for large army for Religious wars to defend Catholicism E. Spanish art : “El Greco”, Diego Velazquez

6. Spain weakened A. Inflation B. Expelled Moors and Jews C. nobles pay no taxes D. borrowed money from foreign banks to pay for wars

7. The Dutch Revolt A. Phillip had problems with the Netherlands B. William of Orange led floods of Leiden which drove the Spanish out of the city C. 1579 United Provinces of the Netherlands (7 northern provinces) were Protestant and the 10 southern provinces (present day Belgium) remained under Spanish control

8. Independent Dutch A. Religious toleration B. Republic C. Dutch Trading Empire dominated European trade in 1600s

9. III. Decline of Spain A. gov’t had to borrow money for wars B. Moors and Jews expelled C. No industry D. Large warships not commercial ships built E. Monarchy lost prominence

10. French Monarchy Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants caused problems for leader Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants caused problems for leader Religious Wars: (1562-1598) Religious Wars: (1562-1598) 8 wars fought 8 wars fought 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Economy crushed Economy crushed

11. Bourban Dynasty A. Henry of Navarre (IV) 1589- 1610 1.opposed by Catholics 2. gave up Protestantism for Catholicism for France 3. 1598 Edict of Nantes

12. Louis XIII (1610-1643) A. Cardinal Richelieu (1624-1642) chief minister of government 1.Goals : 1) strengthen monarchs power 1) strengthen monarchs power 2) destroy noble’s power 2) destroy noble’s power 3) Destroy Huguenot army 3) Destroy Huguenot army 4) Reduce Hapsburg power in Spain and Austria 4) Reduce Hapsburg power in Spain and Austria

13. Louis XIV (1643-1715) A. The “Sun King” B. Cardinal Mazarin (1642-1661) replaced Richelieu C. moves the capital to Versailles (1682) D. Jean Baptiste Colbert: Minister of Finance 1. mercantilism 2. colonies 3. transportation E. 1685 Edict of Nantes cancelled F. goal of art was to glorify the king

14. Wars of Louis XIV A. Minister of War: Marquis de Louvdis B. Netherlands: 3 wars (1667-1697)

15. War of Spanish Succession (1700-1713) A. Charles II king of Spain dies; throne to Philip of Agno B. European powers declare a “War on Spain C. Louis XIV wanted grandson to have the throne but ran out of money D. Treaty of Utrech (1713):

16. End Of Louis XIV reign A. absolute monarchy B. capital to Versailles C. France and Spain lose power in the new shift in Europe

17. Central European countries monarchs clash Peace of Augsburg 1555 A. Thirty Years War (1618-1648) 1.Catholics and Protestants threatened by Calvinists 1608- Protestant Union 1609 – Catholic League 2 2. Division of religious and political beliefs

18. Revolt in Bohemia A. Frederick II (HRE) ruled over Bohemia> which was ruled by the Hapsburgfamily 1. 2. 3. B. Spain, Holy Roman Empire (Hapsburgs) against 1. 2.

19. Peace at Westaphilia (1648) A. France received Alsace off the Rhine River and controls west B. Netherlands and Switzerland independent C. Europe not under control of any religion D. Sweden given part of North Germany E. treaty abandoned idea of a catholic empire

20. Central Europe differs from West A. E conomic contrasts B. W eak Empires

21. Austria’s strength: Hapsburgs A. Charles VI (1713) received territory from the War of Spanish Succession 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

22. Prussia ruled by the Hohenzollerns A. F rederick William (Elector of Brandenburg) (1640) B. F rederick I C. F rederick William I (1713-1740) 1. j unkers D. F rederick II (the Great) (1740-1786)

23. War of Austrian Succession (1740-1748) A. Prussian attack: December 1740 occupy Silesia B. Maria Theresa’s speech to Hungarians C. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)

24. War Continued D. Shift of alliances 1. Austria > France : Prussia > Great Britain E. 1756 “Diplomatic Revolution” F. 7 Years War (1756-1763) French and Indian War 1. Peace of Paris

25. Russian Autocracy A. Ivan the IV (the Terrible) 1. kept power how? 2. isolated 3. killed best replacement out of fear 4. died 1584 5. period of unrest

26. Romonov Dynasty (1613-1917) A. czar B. Society c. isolation of land D. Eastern Orthodox Church

27. Peter I (1682-1725) A. learn way of life from Europe B. Changes C. Holy Synod D. Reduced power of nobles – promoted lower class E. European officers

28. Advances under Peter I A. Expansion B. capital to St. Petersburg C. died 1725

29. English Parliament Limited Monarchs Power A. E lizabeth I (1558-1603) Tudor family 1. P roblems 2. no Tudor to replace Elizabeth

30. James I, Charles I A. J ames I (1603-1625) 1.Divine Right B. Charles I (1625-1649) 1. D ivine right

31. English Civil War (1642-1649) A. Royalists vs. Roundheads B. Oliver Cromwell – Puritan general with New Model Army C. Rule of Cromwell

32. Restoration A. Cromwell ruled until 1658 where his son unsuccessfully ruled. B. Restoration C. Charles II D. Habeas Corpus (1679): E. HRE and France agrees to pay Charles II

33. Debate over inheritance of throne A. Political parties 1. Whigs: 2. Torries: B. Call for Parliament to replace James II 1. William and Mary (daughter) 2. Dutch army to England/James II to France C. Glorious Revolution 1688 ***

34. Political Changes A. Constitutional monarchy B. Bill of Rights 1689 C. Cabinet system 1. cabinet: 1. cabinet: 2. prime minister 2. prime minister