1. Technology Interactions ‹ Chapter Title Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Technology Interactions Modern forensics makes use of many technologies to gather evidence and analyze it.

2. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. What Is Forensics? Forensics is the application of science and technology to the law and the solution of crimes. Modern forensics uses the sciences of chemistry, physics, biology, and psychology to solve crimes.

3. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Forensics Team Police officers determine if an ambulance and/or detectives are needed. Crime scene investigation (CSI) units gather evidence from the crime scene. Medical examiners are called to the scene when a crime involves murder. They are physicians who specialize in forensics. Crime lab technicians analyze the evidence found at crime scenes.

4. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Evidence Evidence is anything that helps establish the facts of the crime. Most evidence at crime scenes is either physical or biological. Investigators of computer crimes look for electronic evidence.

5. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence Physical evidence is nonliving. It includes such things as fingerprints, shoe impressions, tire impressions, tool marks, fibers, firearms, and documents.

6. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Biological Evidence Biological evidence includes such things as blood, hair, and skin. The findings of toxicologists and medical examiners also are biological evidence.

7. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Electronic Evidence Electronic evidence is found in computer systems or on recording media such as CDs and DVDs.

8. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Fingerprints Fingerprints provide a reliable means of personal identification since they are unique to each person. If they can be seen with the naked eye, fingerprints are called visible prints. Prints that are not visible are called latent prints.

9. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Methods for Revealing Fingerprints Light from a flashlight, laser, or ultraviolet sources can expose prints. Special powders can find and preserve prints. Chemicals similar to super glue can reveal latent prints.

10. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. AFIS Fingerprints collected by various law enforcement agencies are stored in a computerized automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS). A computer can search a million prints on file in two seconds and identify possible matches.

11. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=g82thePV5x4 http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=g82thePV5x4

12. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Shoeprints Shoeprints help track the suspect’s movements at the crime scene and determine how many people were involved. Evidence may be gathered by photography or castings.

13. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Tire Tracks Tire tracks narrow down the size and type of vehicle that was used in the crime. Evidence may be gathered by photography or castings.

14. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Tool Marks Tools marks can be used to determine entry points and what type of tools were used. Evidence may be gathered by photography or castings. Microscopes may be used to further examine the tool impression and compare it with marks made by particular tools.

15. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Firearms Firearms can leave behind shell casings that identify the type of gun used. Bullets can be matched to specific guns.

16. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=2hLw_Zc5pec&list=PLwAmi5 wiNJBh7Ta5MdAws_NczsvrnEs Nn http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=2hLw_Zc5pec&list=PLwAmi5 wiNJBh7Ta5MdAws_NczsvrnEs Nn

17. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Fibers Fibers help determine if the victim and suspect were in contact with the same material, such as carpeting. Fibers may be gathered using tape or tweezers. Fibers may be examined under a microscope or tested to determine chemical composition.

18. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Physical Evidence: Documents Documents often help identify the person by handwriting, content, grammar, and spelling. They may also help locate the printer, copy machine, or computer used to create the document.

19. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Biological Evidence: Blood Recovered blood evidence can help identify both suspects and victims by their blood types. Blood in tiny amounts can be detected through the use of a fluorescent chemical called luminol. Ultraviolet light causes bloodstains sprayed with luminol to glow and become clearly visible.

20. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Biological Evidence: DNA Nearly every cell in the human body contains DNA, so DNA molecules can be extracted from almost any body fluid or tissue. Most people’s DNA is unique. Only identical twins have the same DNA. DNA matching is now considered to be as precise as fingerprinting.

21. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Biological Evidence: Toxicology Toxicology is the study of how drugs, poisons, and other substances affect people. Toxins (harmful substances) found in a body are identified and analyzed to help determine if they caused the death.

22. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=dXYztbkMXwU http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=dXYztbkMXwU

23. Technology InteractionsChapter 19 Forensics Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Computer Forensics Computer forensics CSIs search for electronic evidence. They must be able to recover data from computer systems, even if it has been deleted, damaged, password-protected, or encrypted. They analyze the evidence to determine how the data was accessed and used.