1. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 1 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces

2. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 2 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces The Presentation: The Value of Coastal/Marine Spaces Governance of Marine Spaces Boundaries and Governance Marine Cadastre Implications for Governance Acknowledgements

3. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 3 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Habitat for endangered species Species breeding and resting areas Water treatment Groundwater recharge Oil and gas Flood attenuation Tourism Construction Recreational and commercial fishing The Value of Coastal & Marine Spaces MULTIPLE AND OVERLAPPING USES

4. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 4 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Traditional Fishers Aboriginal Groups Upland Owners and communities Fishing and Aquaculture Industry Government Departments Coastal Communities Public Recreation & Access Petroleum & Pipeline Companies Municipalities The Value of Coastal & Marine Spaces MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS

5. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 5 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Governance of Marine Spaces [Sutherland, 2005] People’s Relationship with One Another and with Their Environments

6. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 6 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Genuine consultation Addressing: Collaboration, coordination, cooperation, integration … Governance of Marine Spaces Stakeholder Engagement

7. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 7 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS [After McLaughlin and Nichols, 1994] Governance of Marine Spaces Spatial Data Infrastructure

8. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 8 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS BOUNDARIES ENVIRONMENTALHUMAN-INTERACTIVE INTERNATIONAL (Sovereign and Jurisdictional) CANADIAN NATIONAL (Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative) FEDERAL CROWN (Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative) PROVINCIAL CROWN (Sovereign, jurisdictional and administrative) JURISDICTIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE (Retained Rights) ADMINISTRATIVE (Divested Rights) JURISDICTIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE (Divested Rights) ADMINISTRATIVE (Retained Rights) Public RightsOther Rights Aboriginal RightsCustomary RightsPrivate Rights Aboriginal RightsCustomary RightsPrivate Rights Retained RightsDivested Rights Retained RightsDivested Rights Private, cultural and customary Interests Interests Private, cultural and customary Interests [Sutherland, 2005] BOUNDARIES EXTENDS INTO COASTAL AND MARINE SPACES

9. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 9 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS 350 N.mi 200 N.mi 24 N.mi 12 N.mi 100 N.mi 2500 Metres The Area UNCLOS ZONES & RIGHTS High Seas Legal Continental Shelf Exclusive Economic Zone Contiguous Zone Territorial Sea After Nichols, 2003 BOUNDARIES

10. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 10 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS UNCLOS DEFNITION AND CLAIM OF MARINE BOUNDARIES

11. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 11 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS [Sutherland, 2001; 2005] Boundaries and Governance MULTIPLE AND OVERLAPPING RIGHTS AND INTERESTS

12. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 12 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Boundaries and Governance COASTAL AND MARINE SPACES Laws/Regulations/Policies Stakeholders Physical Environments/Dimensions Rights/Interests/Restrictions REQUIRES INFORMATION Implications for Cadastre

13. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 13 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS A parcel based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g., rights, restrictions, responsibilities) [FIG 1995] Fiscal – Supports Taxation Juridical/Legal – Supports land markets Multipurpose – Supports social, economic and environmental activities What are the implications for coastal and marine spaces? Definition of Cadastre

14. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 14 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS [After Dale and McLaughlin, 1988] Topography; Hydrography; Bathymetry; Hydrology; Soils; Vegetation; Geology; Legislation; Demographics; Ecology; Vulnerability... Marine Cadastre Multipurpose Cadastre

15. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 15 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Marine Cadastre Research: Management and Access [Ng'ang'a, Sutherland, Cockburn and Nichols, 2002; 2004]

16. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 16 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Marine Cadastre Research: Technology – Governance (Decision-Making), Visualization and Access ESRI shape files Internet Source 1 Source X Applet Viewer Caris files Orthophotography Oracle 10i Governance Arrangements Client Needs Technology Topology

17. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 17 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Marine Cadastre Developments: USA Marine Cadastre

18. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 18 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Marine Cadastre Developments: Australian Marine Spatial Information System

19. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 19 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Marine Cadastre Developments: Canada – Prototype Proof of Concept

20. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 20 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS

21. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 21 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS

22. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 22 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS

23. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 23 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICSCanada Interest and Initiatives: University of New Brunswick, Canada since 2001 Researchers at other Canadian universities Surveyor General Association of Canada Lands Surveyors Canadian Hydrographic Association Canadian Institute of Geomatics COINAtlantic and Geoconnections, Canada Natural Resources Canada

24. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 24 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography-boundary/boundary/modernization-cadastral-systems/11129

25. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 25 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Boundaries have always been key in governance arrangements; Marine cadastre is still a relatively new concept but is developing [slowly]; Marine cadastre concept can be an integral part of a holistic governance framework Conclusions

26. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 26 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the support of: COINAtlantic and Geoconnections, Canada Mr. Daniel Jones, Department of Geomatics Engineering and Land Management, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago Dr. Sue Nichols, Titus Tienaah and Katie Komjathy, Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada Brad Fay, Brad Fay & Associates, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

27. Michael SUTHERLAND, Canada 27 of 27 CYPRUS – November 29-30, 2012 Dr. Michael Sutherland, MRICS Boundaries and Governance in Coastal and Marine Spaces